Table 4.
Association between neighborhood-level risk factors and CKD co-morbidities and healthcare utilization
| Health Characteristic Outcome | Odds Ratio (95% CI) and p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median Neighborhood Income < $32,721 per year (n=578) | Area Deprivation Index ≥ 113.45 (n=559) | |||
| Unadjusted | Adjusted** | Unadjusted | Adjusted** | |
| Short Stature* | 1.77 (1.06, 2.96) p=0.03 | 1.34 (0.75, 2.40) p= 0.32 | 1.67 (0.86, 3.23) p= 0.13 | 1.38 (0.65, 2.92) p= 0.40 |
| Obese α | 1.14 (0.70, 1.85) p= 0.59 | 0.74 (0.44, 1.28) p= 0.28 | 1.10 (0.57, 2.10) p= 0.78 | 0.66 (0.31, 1.34) p= 0.24 |
| Hypertension β | 1.40 (0.96, 2.05) p= 0.08 | 1.43 (0.94, 2.19) p= 0.10 | 1.20 (0.72, 1.99) p= 0.49 | 1.03 (0.59, 1.81) p= 0.92 |
| Hospitalized in Last Year | 1.55 (1.03, 2.35) p= 0.04 | 1.71 (1.08, 2.71) p= 0.02 | 1.04 (0.59, 1.84) p= 0.89 | 1.15 (0.62, 2.14) p= 0.66 |
| Emergency Room Visit in Last Year | 1.71 (1.16, 2.52) p= 0.01 | 1.56 (1.02, 2.40) p= 0.04 | 1.24 (0.74, 2.07) p= 0.42 | 1.00 (0.57, 1.78) p= 0.99 |
| Preemptive Transplant | 0.47 (0.24,0.96) p= 0.04 | 0.81 (0.37, 1.77) p= 0.59 | 0.31 (0.10, 0.97) p= 0.04 | 0.51 (0.15, 1.72) p= 0.28 |
*
height z-score < −1.88,
α
body mass index z-score > 1.65.
β
systolic blood pressure ≥95th percentile or a self-report diagnosis and at least one anti-hypertensive medication
**
Model includes participant race, ethnicity, sex, and family income category