. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychopathol. 2022 Jan 25;35(2):619–629. doi: 10.1017/S0954579421001760

Table 3.

Associations between participant characteristics and child negative affectivity

Participant Characteristics	Test Statistic	p-value

Maternal socioeconomic status composite	−.17^a^{^}	.06
Maternal age	−.21^b^*	.02
Cohabitation status	1.73^b	.32
Maternal race/ethnicity	1.46^c	.24
Foreign-born	3.10^b	.71
Maternal early life adversity	.001	.99
Parity	.46^c	.63
Time from preconception assessment to conception	−.16^a	.11
Gestational age at birth	.11^a	.25
Child age	.14^a	.17
Child sex	.01^b	.71
Concurrent maternal depressive symptoms	.14^a	.13
Study site	.60^c	.55

Note: Reported tests statistics are

Spearman’s rho

t, or

Maternal childhood adversity was assessed via the Risk Families Questionnaire. Concurrent maternal depressive symptoms were assessed via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Inventory (CES-D).

^{^}

p < .1.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.