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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prehosp Emerg Care. 2022 Jan 25;27(1):24–30. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2021.2015024

Table 3.

Factors associated with binder placement

Factors Unadjusted Model Adjusted model
Odds Ratio 95% CI p-value Odds ratio 95% CI p-value
Race
 White Ref (1.00) Ref (1.00)
 Black 0.25 0.11 to 0.57 0.001 0.45 0.14 to 1.29 0.14
 Other 0.18 0.04 to 0.83 0.03 0.18 0.01 to 1.42 0.15
BMI, kg/m2
 ≤ 30 Ref (1.00) Ref (1.00)
 > 30 0.32 0.15 to 0.69 0.004 0.40 0.15 to 1.01 0.06
ISS, per 1-point increase 0.97 0.94 to 0.99 0.03 0.96 0.92 to 0.99 0.01
EMS teams
 Other service teams Ref (1.00) Ref (1.00)
 Local ground service teams 0.07 0.02 to 0.36 0.001 0.10 0.01 to 0.47 0.01
 Helicopter service team 1.41 0.61 to 3.25 0.42 1.40 0.50 to 4.06 0.52
911 call to hospital interval, per 10-minute increase 1.33 1.11 to 1.61 0.003 1.19 0.96 to 1.47 0.10

CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; ISS, Injury Severity Score; EMS, emergency medical services.