Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
(A) Swelling ratio of AAm-AAc/CNC, AAm-AAc-Fe3+/CNC, and AAm-AAc-Fe2+/CNC hydrogels. (B) 4D shape-morphing process in deionized water. (C) Change of bending angle in deionized water. (D) Comparison of response time and maximum bending angle in sodium lactate and UV with in deionized water. (E) 4D shape-morphing process in sodium lactate and UV. (F) Change of bending angle in sodium lactate and UV. Scale bars: 1 cm.
