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. 2022 Jul 25;12(7):e954. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.954

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Diastolic dysfunction and bradyarrhythmia in Ndufs4 deficient mice is reversed by treatment with nicotinamide riboside (NR). Echocardiographic measurements of (A) left ventricle mass (LV), (B) LV ejection fraction, (C) E’/A’ determined by tissue Doppler imaging (impaired diastolic function defined as E`/A` < 1), (D) E/E’, (E) heart rate (n = 3–10). (F–H) Representative ECG of Ndufs4−/− mice, showing (F) episodic second‐degree atrioventricular (AV) block, (G) third‐degree AV block, and (H) sinus arrhythmia. Scale bar: 1 sec. (I) Quantitation of arrhythmic events over a 10‐minute period in wild type, Ndufs4−/− (LS) mice, with or without NR treatment (n = 4–9). ns, not significant. Data are mean ± s.e.m. Statistical significance was determined by ANOVA, followed by post hoc analysis.