Table 10.

Wilcoxon’s rank sum test values are obtained by VGHHO versus other seven approaches

Algorithm	Better	Equal	Worst	R +	R−	p-value	α = 0.05
VGHHO vs. BOA	29	0	0	435	0	0.0054	Yes
VGHHO vs. SOA	21	0	8	373	62	0.4368	No
VGHHO vs. HHO	29	0	0	435	0	0.2078	No
VGHHO vs. HHO-JOS	24	0	5	359	76	0.7795	No
VGHHO vs. EEGWO	29	0	0	435	0	0.0103	Yes
VGHHO vs. AGDE	3	0	26	26	409	1.08E-04	Yes
VGHHO vs. ISCA	29	0	0	435	0	0.0075	Yes