Table 5.
Wilcoxon rank sum test results between VGHHO and other six algorithms
| Dimension | Algorithm | Better | Equal | Worst | R + | R− | p-value | α = 0.05 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D = 30 | VGHHO versus BOA | 18 | 0 | 0 | 171 | 0 | 1.1614E-05 | Yes |
| VGHHO versus SOA | 18 | 0 | 0 | 171 | 0 | 6.2991E-06 | Yes | |
| VGHHO versus HHO | 14 | 4 | 0 | 166 | 5 | 0.0022 | Yes | |
| VGHHO versus AGDE | 18 | 0 | 0 | 171 | 0 | 5.4783E-07 | Yes | |
| VGHHO versus EEGWO | 6 | 12 | 0 | 132 | 39 | 0.2216 | No | |
| VGHHO versus ISCA | 5 | 13 | 0 | 125.5 | 45.5 | 0.3386 | No | |
| D = 100 | VGHHO versus BOA | 18 | 0 | 0 | 171 | 0 | 9.9822E-06 | Yes |
| VGHHO versus SOA | 18 | 0 | 0 | 171 | 0 | 1.7630E-06 | Yes | |
| VGHHO versus HHO | 14 | 4 | 0 | 166 | 5 | 0.0022 | Yes | |
| VGHHO versus AGDE | 18 | 0 | 0 | 171 | 0 | 1.9314E-07 | Yes | |
| VGHHO versus EEGWO | 6 | 12 | 0 | 132 | 39 | 0.2216 | No | |
| VGHHO versus ISCA | 5 | 13 | 0 | 125.5 | 45.5 | 0.3386 | No | |
| D = 1000 | VGHHO versus BOA | 18 | 0 | 0 | 171 | 0 | 1.1614E-05 | Yes |
| VGHHO versus SOA | 18 | 0 | 0 | 171 | 0 | 5.4783E-07 | Yes | |
| VGHHO versus HHO | 15 | 3 | 0 | 168 | 3 | 0.0010 | Yes | |
| VGHHO versus AGDE | 18 | 0 | 0 | 171 | 0 | 1.6174E-07 | Yes | |
| VGHHO versus EEGWO | 5 | 13 | 0 | 125.5 | 45.5 | 0.3386 | No | |
| VGHHO versus ISCA | 6 | 12 | 0 | 132 | 39 | 0.2216 | No |