Table 4.
lncRNAs can regulate cell death pathways in oral cancer.
| lncRNAs | Expression | Cancer cell | Target of miRNA | Inhibition/Induction of Cell Death | Sample type | Note | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LncRNA PANDAR | Up | OSCC | PIM1 | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (SAS cell line) | PANDAR inhibits apoptosis by overexpression of PIM1 through binding to SRSF7. | (51) |
| lncRNA GACAT1 | Up | OSCC | miR-149 | Inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy | Human (OSCC, n= 20), In vitro (PECAPJ41 and HSC-4 cells) | miR-149 induces apoptosis and in contrast, lncRNA GACAT1 inhibits apoptosis by sponging miR-149. | (10) |
| LncRNA PART1 | Up | OSCC | FUS/EZH2 pathway | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n= 36), In vitro (Tca-8113 and CAL27) |
LncRNA PART1 inhibits apoptosis by binding to FUS and stabilizing EZH2 gene. | (52) |
| lncRNA PTSC3 | Down | OSCC | – | Induction of apoptosis and autophagy | Human (OSCC, n=15), In vitro (SCC-1 and SCC-9 cells) |
Overexpression of lncRNA PTSC3 induces apoptosis and autophagy. | (53) |
| LncRNA SCIRT | Down | OSCC | miR-221 | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro | LncRNA SCIRT inhibits apoptosis through sponging miR-221 to upregulate lncRNA GAS5. | (54) |
| LncRNA LINC01207 | Up | OSCC | miR-1301-3p | Inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy | Human (OSCC, n=30), In vitro (HSC-3 and HSC-4 cells) | LncRNA LINC01207 inhibits apoptosis and autophagy by regulating miR-1301-3p/LDHA axis. | (55) |
| LncRNA SNHG16 | Up | OSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis | Huan (OSCC, n=50), In vivo (mice), In vitro (CAL27 and TCA8113) | LncRNA SNHG16 inhibits apoptosis. | (56) |
| lncRNA HOXA-AS2 | Up | OSCC | EZH2 | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (Tca-8113 cells) | Downregulation of lncRNA HOXA-AS2 promotes apoptosis by regulating HOXA-AS2/EZH2 axis. | (57) |
| LncRNA HITTERS | Up | OSCC | MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex | Inhibition of apoptosis | Huan (primary OSCC, n=48), In vitro (SCC25 and CAL27) | lncRNA HITTERS can upregulate the expression level of proteins involved in DNA damage repair by binding to the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex and as a result, attenuate endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. | (58) |
| lncRNA HOXA11-AS | Up | OSCC | miR-98-5p/YBX2 axis | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (OSCC=15 and SCC-25 cells) | Downregulation of lncRNA HOXA11-AS promotes apoptosis by regulating miR-98-5p/YBX2 axis. | (59) |
| lncRNA DANCR | Up | OSCC | miR-216a-5p | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n=86), In vitro (SCC15 and CAL-27) | Downregulation of DANCR induces apoptosis by targeting miR-216a-5p. | (60) |
| lncRNA PART1 | Down | TSCC | miR-503-5p | Induction of apoptosis | Human (TSCC, n=40), In vitro (CAL-27 and SCC9 cells) | miR-503-5p prevent the effects of lncRNA-PART1 on the apoptosis, in return, overexpression of lncRNA-PART1 induces apoptosis by targeting miR-503-5p. | (61) |
| lncRNA PVT1 | Up | OSCC | miR−150−5p/GLUT−1 | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n=70), In vitro (SCC-090, SCC-25 and CAL-27) | miR-150-5p can induce apoptosis, in return, lncRNA PVT1 inhibits apoptosis by regulating the miR-150-5p/GLUT-1 axis. | (62) |
| Exosomal lncRNA HEIH | Up | TSCC | miR−3169-5p | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (SCC4/DDP cells) | Exosomal HEIH inhibits apoptosis by sponging miR−3169-5p and increasing HDGF levels. | (63) |
| LncRNA NEAT1 | Up | OSCC | Notch signaling pathway | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (TSCC1 cell) | LncRNA NEAT1 inhibits apoptosis by activating Notch signaling pathway. | (64) |
| lncRNA XIST | Up | OSCC | miR-27b-3p | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC tissue), In vitro | lncRNA XIST inhibits cell apoptosis in OSCC by regulating miR-27b-3p. | (65) |
| lncRNA AC007271.3 | Up | OSCC | Slug and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n= 97), In vitro (SCC9, SCC15, SCC25) | lncRNA AC007271.3 inhibits apoptosis in OSCC cells via regulating Slug | (66, 67) |
| LncRNA LINC00958 | Up | OSCC | miR-185-5p/YWHAZ axis | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (SCC 9 and CAL27) | LncRNA LINC00958 inhibits apoptosis through sponging miR-185-5p/YWHAZ axis | (68) |
| LncRNA LINC00958 | Up | OSCC | Sirtuin1 | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (HSC4 cells) | LINC00958 increases anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 levels and decreases pro-apoptosis proteins Bax, c-casp-3. LINC00958 inhibits apoptosis of OSCC by targeting Sirtuin1. | (69) |
| lncRNA HOXA-AS2 | Up | OSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (TCA-8113 cells) | Downregulation of lncRNA HOXA-AS2 induces apoptosis. | (70) |
| lncRNA SNHG20 | Up | OSCC | miR-29a/DIXDC1/Wnt axis. | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (SCC9 cells) | Downregulation of lncRNA SNHG20 promotes apoptosis through regulating the miR-29a/DIXDC1/Wnt axis. | (19) |
| lncRNA CASC9 | Up | OSCC | AKT/mTOR pathway | Inhibition of apoptosis/autophagy | Human (OSCC, n=84), In vitro (SCC15 and CAL27) | lncRNA CASC9 inhibits autophagy-mediated cell apoptosis through the AKT/mTOR pathway. | (71) |
| lncRNA MEG3 | down | OSCC | miR-548d-3p | Induction of apoptosis | In vivo (mice), In vitro (H157 and HSC-2 cells) | lncRNA MEG3 induces apoptosis through modulate JAK–STAT pathway by miR-548d-3p/SOCS5/SOCS6 | (72) |
| lncRNA RP5-916L7.2 | Up | TSCC | miR-328 and miR-939 | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (TSCC, n=30), In vitro (Tca-8113) | lncRNA RP5-916L7.2 suppresses cells apoptosis by targeting miR-939-5p and miR-328-5p. | (73) |
| lncRNA HOXA11-AS | Up | OSCC | miR-214-3p | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n=31), In vitro (TSCCA and CAL-27) | LncRNA HOXA11-AS decreases apoptosis and caspase 3 activities by downregulation expression level of miR-214-3p. | (74) |
| ncRNA LEF1-AS1 | Up | OSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n= 88), In vitro (SCC4 and SCC15 cells) | Downregulation LEF1-AS1 lead to induces apoptosis in OSCC cells. | (75) |
| lncRNA HULC | Up | OSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (SCC15 and SCC25) | Suppression of lncRNA HULC induces apoptosis in OSCC cells. | (76) |
| lncRNA CRNDE | Up | OSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n= 52), In vitro (CAL-27 and SCC-15 cells) | Suppression of lncRNA CRNDE induces the apoptosis of OSCC cells. | (77) |
| lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 | Up | OSCC | miR-185-5p/Rab14 axis. | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n= 60), In vitro (SCC15 and HSC-3 cells) | Suppression of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 induces apoptosis by the regulation of miR-185-5p/Rab14 axis. | (78) |
| lncRNA GAS5 | – | OSCC | miR-1297 | Induction of apoptosis | In vitro (UM-SCC6 cells) | Overexpression of lncRNA GAS5 by propofol induces cell apoptosis. Besides, miR-1297 inhibits GSK3β expression. Upregulation of GSK3β levels by targeting miR-1297 through lncRNA GAS5 lead to enhances Mcl-1 degradation and induction of cell apoptosis. | (79) |
| LncRNA CASC2 | Down | OSCC | miR-21 | Induction of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n=69), In vitro (Tca8113 and TSCCa) | LncRNA CASC2 promotes cell apoptosis by regulating of miR-21 expression. | (80) |
| LncRNA ENST00000 470447.1 | Down | OSCC | – | Induction of apoptosis | In vitro (Tca-8113 cells) | ENST00000470447.1 promotes the apoptosis of Tca-8113 cells. | (81) |
| LncRNA LINC00961 | Down | OSCC | PI3K/AKT signaling pathway | Induction of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n=35), In vitro (OSC-4 and CAL-24) | LncRNA LINC00961 promotes apoptosis of OSCC cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. | (82) |
| lncRNA ANRIL | Up | OSCC | TGF-β/Smad pathway | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n=35), In vitro (OSC-4 and CAL-24) | lncRNA ANRIL inhibits apoptosis of OSCC cells by regulating TGF-β/Smad pathway. | (83) |
| LncRNA SNHG16 | Up | OSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (CAL-27 and TSCCA cells) | LncRNA SNHG16 inhibits apoptosis of OSCC cells. | (84) |
| lncRNA XIST | Up | OSCC | miR-34a-5p | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (Cal-27 and Tca-8113 cells) | Downregulation of lncRNA XIST promotes apoptosis of OSCC cells by regulating expression level of miR-34a-5p. | (85) |
| lncRNA LINC00662 | Up | OSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n=61), In vitro (ISG15 cell) | Downregulation of lncRNA LINC00662 promotes apoptosis of OSCC cells. | (86) |
| lncRNA HOTAIR | Up | OSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis and induction of autophagy | In vitro (CAL-27) | lncRNA HOTAIR can act as an oncogene lncRNA in OSCC cells by decreasing apoptosis and promoting autophagy. | (87) |
| LncRNA HOTAIR | Up | OSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n= 76), In vitro (Tca8113 and TSCCA) |
Downregulation of HOTAIR induces apoptosis of OSCC cells. | (88) |
| LncRNA HOTAIR | Up | OSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n= 45), In vitro (Tca8113) |
Downregulation of HOTAIR induces apoptosis of OSCC cells. | (89) |
| lncRNA HOTAIR | – | OSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (Tca8113 cells) | DNA damage promotes overexpression of lncRNA HOTAIR mRNA and it inhibits apoptosis of Tca8113 cells. | (90) |
| lncRNA LACAT1 | Up | OSCC | miR-4301 | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (Cal-27 and Tca-8113 cells) | LACAT1 suppresses apoptosis of OSCC cells by targeting miR-4301. | (91) |
| lncRNA C5orf66−AS1 | Down | OSCC | – | Induction of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n= 30), In vitro (SCC9 cells) | Overexpression of lncRNA C5orf66−AS1 promotes apoptosis of OSCC cells. | (92) |
| lncRNA HOTTIP | Up | TSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (TSCC, n= 30), In vitro (TSCCA and TCA8113 cells) | Downregulation of lncRNA HOTTIP promotes apoptosis of TSCC cell by regulation of apoptosis-related molecules | (93) |
| lncRNA NEAT1 | Up | OSCC | miR-365 | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n= 30), In vitro (SCC9 cells) | Downregulation of lncRNA NEAT1 promotes apoptosis in OSCC cells by regulating miR−365. | (94) |
| lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 | Up | Tongue cancer | EGFR | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (tongue cancer tissues, n= 50), In vitro (UM1 and CAL-27 cells) | Downregulation of KCNQ1OT1 induces apoptosis of TSCC through intrinsic pathway and regulation of EGFR. | (62) |
| lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 | Up | OSCC | CEBPA | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n=60), In vitro (Tca8113 and Cal-27 cells) |
Downregulation of lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 induces apoptosis of OSCC cell through pathway CEBPA/Bcl2 by targeting CEBPA. | (95) |
| lncRNA H19 | Up | OSCC | miR-138 | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n= 42), In vitro (HSC-2 and Ca9-22 cells) |
lncRNA H19 inhibits apoptosis of OSCC cell through regulating miR-138 expression. | (96) |
| lncRNA TUC338 | Up | TSCC | – | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (TSCC, n=25) In vitro (CAL-27 and SCC-9 cells), In vivo (mice) |
Downregulation of lncRNA TUC338 induces apoptosis of TSCC cell. | (97) |
| lncRNA MALAT | Up | TSCC | Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n= 42), In vitro (HSC-2 and Ca9-22 cells) |
MALAT1 suppresses apoptosis of TSCC cells through modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. | (98) |
| LncRNA TUG1 | OSCC | Wnt/β-catenin signaling | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (Tca8113 and TSCCA cells) | Downregulation of lncRNA TUG1 induces apoptosis of OSCC cells through modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. | (99) | |
| lncRNA UCA1 | Up | OSCC | miR-184 | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n= 30), In vitro (Tca8113-CDDP and TSCCA-CDDP cells) |
lncRNA UCA1 knockdown promotes apoptosis rate of OSCC cell by sponging miR-184. | (100) |
| lncRNA MEG3 | Down | OSCC | – | Induction of apoptosis | Human (OSCC, n=83), In vitro (Cal27 and SCC15 cells) | lncRNA MEG3 induces apoptosis of OSCC cells | (101) |
| lncRNA UCA1 | Up | OSCC | WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (Cal27 and SCC15 cells) | Downregulation of lncRNA UCA1 promotes apoptosis of OSCC cell may be by regulating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. | (102) |
| lncRNA TTN-AS1 | Up | OSCC | miR-199a-3p | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC tissue, n=36), In vitro (SCC-4 and HSC-3 cells) | Downregulation of lncRNA TTN-AS1 promotes apoptosis of OSCC cells by sponging miR-199a-3p. | (103) |
| lncRNA TTN-AS1 | Up | OSCC | miR-411-3p | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC tissue, n=50), In vitro (SCC-4 and SCC-9 cells) |
lncRNA TTN-AS1 contribute to oral cancer development by inhibition of apoptosis in OSCC cells through regulating miR-411-3p/NFAT5 axis. | (20) |
| lncRNA TRG-AS1 | Up | TSCC | miR-543/YAP1 pathway | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (TSCC, n= 57), In vitro (CAL-27 and SCC-15) | Downregulation of lncRNA TRG-AS1 induces apoptosis of TSCC cells by regulation of miR-543/YAP1 pathway. | (104) |
| LncRNA LINC00519 | Up | TSCC | miR-876-3p | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (TSCC, n= 52), In vitro (SCC-15 and CAL-27) | Downregulation of lncRNA LINC00519 induces apoptosis of TSCC cells by regulation of miR-876-3p/MACC1 axis. | (105) |
| LncRNA SNHG15 | Down | OSCC | miR-188-5p | Inhibition of apoptosis | In vitro (SCC-9 and SCC-15) | LncRNA SNHG15 inhibits apoptosis of OSCC cells by sponging miR-188-5p | (19) |
| LncRNA FER1L4 | Up | OSCC | miR-133a-5p | Inhibition of apoptosis | Human (OSCC tissue, n= 45), In vitro (SCC-9 and HN4 cells) |
Downregulation of LncRNA FER1L4 induces apoptosis of OSCC cells by regulating the miR-133a-5p/Prx1 axis. | (106) |