Table 11.

Classification results of deep neural networks without SMOTE.

Dataset	Models	Acc.	Prec.	Rec.	F1
No SMOTE	LSTM	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70
	CNN	0.64	0.65	0.65	0.64
	CNN-LSTM	0.67	0.67	0.67	0.67
	BiLSTM	0.69	0.69	0.69	0.69
SMOTE	LSTM	0.81	0.81	0.81	0.81
	CNN	0.81	0.81	0.81	0.81
	CNN-LSTM	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82
	BiLSTM	0.69	0.69	0.69	0.69

LSTM: Long Short Term Memory; CNN: Convolutional Neural Network; BiLSTM: Bidirectional LSTM; SMOTE: Synthetic Minority Oversampling Approach.