Table 4. Ordered Logistic Regressions on the Predictors of Preventive Behaviours that can be Adopted with Increased Frequency, N = 897 (Proportional Odds Ratios) .
| Washing Hands | Cleaning Environment | Avoid Touching Public Surfaces | Working/Studying From Home | |
| Public Perceptions of COVID-19 in Singapore | ||||
| Chances of getting COVID-19 compared to the flu (influenza) (ref: Same/lower) | ||||
| Higher (slightly higher, much higher) | 1.22 | 1.20 | 1.12 | 0.99 |
| 95% CI | 0.94; 1.57 | 0.93; 1.54 | 0.86; 1.45 | 0.77; 1.28 |
| P value | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.40 | 0.95 |
| Likelihood of ICU Admission if you get COVID-19 (ref: unlikely) | ||||
| Likely (very likely, somewhat likely) | 1.05 | 1.26 | 1.00 | 1.22 |
| 95% CI | 0.81; 1.37 | 0.97; 1.64 | 0.76; 1.31 | 0.93; 1.58 |
| P value | 0.71 | 0.08 | 0.99 | 0.15 |
| Government Will be Successful in Containing the Spread of COVID-19 (ref: disagree/no opinion) | ||||
| Agree (Strongly agree, somewhat agree) | 1.48 | 1.28 | 1.09 | 1.24 |
| 95% CI | 1.08; 2.03 | 0.93; 1.76 | 0.79; 1.50 | 0.91; 1.70 |
| P value | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.62 | 0.17 |
| I think that if I am careful, I can reduce my chances of getting COVID-19 (ref: disagree/no opinion) | ||||
| Agree (Strongly agree, somewhat agree) | 1.19 | 1.05 | 1.32 | 1.51 |
| 95% CI | 0.88; 1.61 | 0.78; 1.42 | 0.97; 1.80 | 1.11; 2.06 |
| P value | 0.27 | 0.75 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
| I think that people in Singapore are overly worried/paranoid about COVID-19 (ref: disagree/no opinion) | ||||
| Agree (Strongly agree, somewhat agree) | 0.75 | 1.18 | 0.70 | 1.01 |
| 95% CI | 0.58; 0.98 | 0.91; 1.53 | 0.54; 0.92 | 0.77; 1.32 |
| P value | 0.03 | 0.22 | 0.01 | 0.93 |
| Effectiveness of strategies in reducing risk of getting the COVID-19 Virus (ref: not effective/somewhat effective) | ||||
| Very effective | 2.66 | 2.99 | 4.73 | 2.87 |
| 95% CI | 2.02; 3.51 | 2.27; 3.94 | 3.56; 6.27 | 2.20; 3.76 |
| P value | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Participant Demographics | ||||
| GAD (anxiety) | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.01 |
| 95% CI | 1.00; 1.05 | 1.03; 1.09 | 1.02; 1.07 | 0.99; 1.04 |
| P value | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.28 |
| Age categories (ref: >50 years old) | ||||
| 21–35 years old | 0.60 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 1.43 |
| 95% CI | 0.41; 0.88 | 0.47; 1.00 | 0.48; 1.03 | 0.98; 2.08 |
| P value | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.06 |
| 36–50 years old | 0.65 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 1.32 |
| 95% CI | 0.46; 0.91 | 0.57; 1.13 | 0.58; 1.15 | 0.94; 1.85 |
| P value | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.11 |
| Ethnicity (ref: Non-Chinese) | ||||
| Chinese | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.71 | 0.79 |
| 95% CI | 0.61; 1.24 | 0.61; 1.25 | 0.50; 1.03 | 0.55; 1.12 |
| P value | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.07 | 0.18 |
| Marital status (ref: Not married) | ||||
| Married | 1.01 | 1.23 | 1.18 | 1.16 |
| 95% CI | 0.76; 1.34 | 0.93; 1.63 | 0.88; 1.58 | 0.87; 1.55 |
| P value | 0.95 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.31 |
| Educational level (ref: Below university level) | ||||
| University and above | 1.40 | 1.18 | 1.88 | 2.44 |
| 95% CI | 1.06; 1.83 | 0.90; 1.55 | 1.42; 2.48 | 1.85; 3.21 |
| P value | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Number of chronic conditions | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.10 | 1.01 |
| 95% CI | 0.96; 1.16 | 0.94; 1.14 | 0.99; 1.21 | 0.92; 1.11 |
| P value | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.07 | 0.83 |
| Living with elderly (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.79 |
| 95% CI | 0.69; 1.18 | 0.70; 1.19 | 0.73; 1.26 | 0.60; 1.03 |
| P value | 0.45 | 0.48 | 0.77 | 0.08 |
| Cut 1 | -1.01 | 0.00 | -0.43 | 0.97 |
| 95% CI | -1.63; -0.39 | -0.60; 0.60 | -1.05; 0.18 | 0.37; 1.58 |
| Cut 2 | 1.18 | 2.14 | 1.77 | 2.38 |
| 95% CI | 0.56; 1.80 | 1.53; 2.76 | 1.14; 2.39 | 1.76; 3.01 |
| Log likelihoods | -988.52 | -899.14 | -841.85 | -895.70 |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; GAD, general anxiety disorder; ICU, intensive care unit.
95% confidence intervals presented below proportional odds ratio in italics.