Table 3. Clinical Trial Sponsorship of 24 Clinical Trials on Remdesivir (GS-5734), and the Contribution of Publicly Funded Research Institutions Therein .
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier | Name Trial | Main Sponsor | Sponsor Category | Type of PFRI a | Country That PFRI Is Based in |
| NCT04257656 | A trial of remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19 | Capital Medical University | PFRI | University | China |
| NCT04385719 | Drug-drug interactions between remdesivir and commonly used antiretroviral therapy (RemTLAR) | Makerere University | PFRI | University | Uganda |
| NCT04252664 | A trial of remdesivir in adults with mild and moderate COVID-19 | Capital Medical University | PFRI | University | China |
| NCT04431453 | Study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of remdesivir (GS-5734TM) in participants from birth to <18 years of age with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (CARAVAN) | Gilead Sciences | Gilead Sciences | NA | NA |
| NCT04302766 | Expanded access remdesivir (RDV; GS-5734TM) | U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command | PFRI | Government agency | US |
| NCT04292899 | Study to evaluate the safety and antiviral activity of remdesivir (GS-5734TM) in Participants with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) | Gilead Sciences | Gilead Sciences | NA | NA |
| NCT04365725 | Multicenter, retrospective study of the effects of remdesivir in the treatment of severe COVID-19 infections (REMDECO-19) | Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | PFRI | Hospital | France |
| NCT04292730 | Study to evaluate the safety and antiviral activity of remdesivir (GS-5734TM) in Participants with moderate coronavirus disease (COVID-19) compared to standard of care treatment | Gilead Sciences | Gilead Sciences | NA | NA |
| NCT04323761 | Expanded access treatment protocol: remdesivir (RDV; GS-5734) for the treatment of SARS-CoV2 (CoV) infection (COVID-19) | Gilead Sciences | Gilead Sciences | NA | NA |
| NCT04410354 | Study of merimepodib in combination with remdesivir in adult patients with advanced COVID-19 | ViralClear Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Other private actor | NA | NA |
| NCT04409262 | A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remdesivir plus tocilizumab compared with remdesivir plus placebo in hospitalized participants with severe COVID-19 pneumonia (REMDACTA) | Hoffmann-La Roche | Other private actor | NA | NA |
| NCT02818582 | GS-5734 to assess the antiviral activity, longer-term clearance of Ebola virus, and safety in male Ebola survivors with evidence of Ebola virus persistence in semen | NIAID | PFRI | Government agency | US |
| NCT04401579 | Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial 2 (ACTT-2) | NIAID | PFRI | Government agency | US |
| NCT04330690 | Treatments for COVID-19: Canadian Arm of the SOLIDARITY Trial (CATCO) | Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre | PFRI | Hospital | Canada |
| NCT04280705 | Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT) | NIAID | PFRI | Government agency | US |
| NCT04321616 | The efficacy of different anti-viral drugs in COVID-19 infected patients | Oslo University Hospital | PFRI | Hospital | Norway |
| NCT03719586 | Investigational therapeutics for the treatment of people with Ebola virus disease | NIAID | PFRI | Government agency | US |
| NCT04315948 | Trial of Treatments for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults (DisCoVeRy) | Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France | PFRI | Government agency | France |
| NCT04314817 | Adverse Events Related to Treatments Used Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (CovidTox) | Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere | PFRI | Hospital | France |
| NCT04365764 | Effect of treatments in patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a multicenter cohort study | Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere | PFRI | Hospital | France |
| NCT04356417 | Long-term use of drugs that could prevent the risk of serious COVID-19 infections or make it worse (TRAPSAH) | Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | PFRI | Hospital | France |
| NCT04349410 | The Fleming [FMTVDM] Directed COVID-19 Treatment Protocol (FMTVDM) | The Camelot Foundation | PFRI | Charity | US |
| NCT04278404 | Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety profile of understudied drugs administered to children per standard of care (POPS or POP02) | Duke University | PFRI | University | US |
| NCT04351503 | A systems approach to predict the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 in the population of a city; COVID-19 | University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland | PFRI | Hospital | Switzerland |
Abbreviations: PFRI, publicly funded research institution; NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
aPFRI is an acronym for publicly-funded research institution. For the purpose of this paper we defined PFRIs as including universities, hospitals, government agencies, research funding bodies, or any other institution that receives public funding as well as charities relying on donations from the public.