Table 2. Policy Actions in Included Nutrition Policy Documents.
| NOURISHING Framework Policy Area | Examples |
Healthy/
Unhealthy Foods |
AU | BE | CA | CZ | DK (2) | ENG | FR (2) | HU | IE | IL | IT | JP | NZ | SCT | ES | CH | US (2) | NR | EU | Tally (n) of 19 Jurisdictions | % Of Jurisdictions | |
| Food Environment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| N | Nutrition label standards and regulations on the use of claims and implied claims on foods | Nutrient lists on food packages; clearly visible ‘interpretive’ and calorie labels; menu, shelf labels; rules on nutrient and health claims | Nutrient-focused Nutrient and kJ content, claims and health claims | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 16 | 84 | ||||
| Nutrient-focused ‘Interpretive' labels on overall food quality | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||
| O | Offer healthy foods and set standards in public institutions and other specific settings | Fruit and vegetables programmes; standards in education, work, health facilities; award schemes; choice architecture | Healthy foods and drinks | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 17 | 89 | |||
| Unhealthy foods and drinks | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | 26 | |||||||||||||||||
| U | Use economic tools to address food affordability and purchase incentives | Targeted subsidies; price promotions at point of sale; unit pricing; health-related food taxes | Healthy foods and drinks | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 7 | 37 | ||||||||||||
| Unhealthy foods and drinks | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | 26 | |||||||||||||||||
| R | Restrict food advertising and other forms of commercial promotion | Restrict advertising to children that promotes unhealthy diets in all forms of media; sales promotions; packaging; sponsorship | Targets unhealthy foods and drinks | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 10 | 53 | |||||||||
| I | Improve the nutritional quality of the whole food supply | Reformulation to reduce salt and fats; elimination of trans fats; reduce energy density of processed foods; portion size limits | Addresses both increase of healthy options and decrease of unhealthy options | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 13 | 68 | ||||||
| S | Set incentives and rules to create a healthy retail and food service environment | Incentives for shops to locate in underserved areas; planning restrictions on food outlets; in-store promotions | Promotes healthy foods and drinks | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | 21 | |||||||||||||||
| Targets unhealthy foods and drinks | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Food System | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | Harness the food supply chain and actions across sectors to ensure coherence with health | Supply-chain incentives for production; public procurement through ‘short’ chains; health-in-all policies; governance structures | Considers both healthy and unhealthy options within a food systems approach |
√ Local level |
√ Local level + |
√ |
√ Local level + |
√ Local level |
√ Local level |
√ Local level |
√ | √ | √ | 10 | 53 | |||||||||
| Behaviour Change Communication | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| I | Inform people about food and nutrition through public awareness | Education about food-based dietary guidelines, mass media, social marketing; community and public information campaigns | Focus on healthy foods | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 19 | 100 | |
| Focus on unhealthy foods | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 6 | 32 | ||||||||||||||||
| N | Nutrition advice and counselling in healthcare settings | eg, Nutrition advice for at-risk individuals; telephone advice and support; clinical guidelines for health professionals on effective interventions for nutrition | Targets both healthy and unhealthy foods | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 19 | 100 |
| G | Give nutrition education and skills | Nutrition, cooking/food production skills on education curricula; workplace health schemes; health literacy programs | Healthy foods | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 19 | 100 |
| Unhealthy foods | √ | √ | 2 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
Nutrition policy actions to promote healthy food (% of possible 16 policy action areas) |
6 (38) |
7 (44) |
8 (50) |
6 (38) |
11 (69) |
13 (81) |
10 (63) |
7 (44) |
7 (44) |
12 (75) |
9 (56) |
5 (31) |
7 (44) |
9 (56) |
6 (38) |
4 (25) |
8 (50) |
11 (69) |
6 (38) |
|||||
| Additional elements as detailed in Table 3 (n) | 11 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 20 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 14 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 12 | |||||
| Total (% of potential 44) |
17 (39) |
20 (45) | 19 (43) | 14 (32) | 20 (45) | 31 (70) | 30 (68) |
16 (36) |
13 (30) |
20 (45) |
16 (36) | 10 (23) | 21 (48) | 18 (41) | 12 (27) | 14 (32) | 21 (48) | 23 (52) | 18 (41) | |||||
Abbreviations: AU, Australia; BE, Belgium; CA, Canada; CZ, Czech Republic; DK, Denmark; ENG, England; FR, France; HU, Hungary; IE, Ireland; IL, Israel; IT, Italy; JP, Japan; NZ, New Zealand; SCT, Scotland; ES, Spain; CH, Switzerland; NR, Nordic Region; EU, European Union; US, United States.
+ Multiple actions at local level