TABLE 1.

Demographic characteristics of the included studies.

	Study ID	Study region	Study design	Study period	Intervention	Control	Sample size		Age (Years)		Gender (male)		BMI (kg/m2)		Hypertension		Duration of Diabetes		Follow-Up
							Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control
							Number	Number	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Number	Number	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Number	Number	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
1	Jordan et al. (2017)	Germany	RCT	13 January 2011 to 3 September 2014	empagliflozin 25 mg once daily (qd) for 5 days	Diuretic and empagliflozin in combination	22	56.0 (40–65)*	15	26.8 (23.9–29.7)	NR	NR	NR	NR	__
2	Liao et al. (2022)	United States	RCT	19 February 2014 to 5 December 2019	Canagliflozin One 100 mg	Placebo	4401	63.0 ± 9.2	2907	31.3 ± 6.2	2172	15.8 ± 8.6	2.45 years
3	Mehta et al. (2021)	India	RCT	September 2020 and August 2021	empagliflozin 25 mg once daily	oral hypoglycemic agent	50	50	NR	NR	29	30	26.9 ± 0.5	28.9 ± 0.7	NR	NR	NR	NR	6 months
4	Sardu et al. (2022)	Italy	Prospective case-control	June 2018 to March 2021	SGLT2I	Non SGLT2I	161	446	61 (41–74)	57 (34–73)	81	234	NR	NR	92	266	NR	NR	12 months
5	Shimizu et al. (2020)	Japan	RCT	February 2018 to March 2019	empagliflozin (10 mg/day)	Placebo	46	50	63.9 (10.4)	64.6 (11.6)	38	39	25.2 (3.7)	25.2 (4.1)	38	39	38.3 (43.4)	32.4 (43.3)	4, 12, and 24 weeks
6	Wang et al. (2019)	China	Retrospective Study	August 2017 to May 2018	mecobalamin and oral dapagliflozin (10 mg/tablet	oral mecobalamin tablets (0.5 mg/) 3 times a day	43	43	62.5 ± 5.1	63.4 ± 4.8	23	21	22.72 ± 2.08	22.65 ± 2.20	11	12	4.8 ± 2.6	4.3 ± 1.2	1 month

*Data reported in the form of mean and range, ** Data reported in the form of median and interquartile range.

RCT, Randomized controlled trial; SGLT2I, Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors, NR, Non-reported.