TABLE 1.
Studies on the effect of Moringa oleifera extracts targeting markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in preclinical models of type 1 diabetes.
| Author, year | Experimental model, effective dose and intervention period | Experimental outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Jaiswal et al. (2013) | Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in Wistar rats treated with 200 mg/kg Moringa oleifera leaf extract for 3 weeks | Ameliorated oxidative stress by significantly increasing the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) while decreasing the lipid peroxide levels |
| Yassa and Tohamy, (2014) | STZ-induced diabetes in Sprague Dawley rats treated with 200 mg/kg Moringa oleifera extract for 8 weeks | Lowered fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, reversed pancreatic damage, while also enhancing glutathione (GSH) and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) pancreatic concentrations |
| Al-Malki El Rabey, (2015) | STZ-induced diabetes in albino rats were treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg with Moringa oleifera seed extract for 4 weeks | Decreased FPG, and increased the concentration of antioxidants like SOD, CAT and GSH in serum and kidney. Moreover, treatment decreased the concentration of interleukin (IL)-6 and lipid peroxides (MDA) in the serum and kidney tissue homogenate |
| Muhammad et al. (2016) | STZ-nicotinamide induced diabetes in Wistar rats treated with 0.5,1 and 2% w/w Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous fractions for 3 weeks | Decreased wound size under sustained hyperglycemic condition and improved wound contraction, and tissue regeneration. This was associated with reduced inflammatory mediator such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and upregulation of an angiogenic marker vascular endothelial growth factor in wound tissue |
| Tuorkey, (2016) | Alloxan-induced diabetes albino mice treated with 100 mg/kg of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract 2 weeks | Significantly decreased FPG and plasma insulin levels, concomitant to reversing insulin resistance. Total antioxidant capacity increased while the levels of creatinine and urea significantly declined. While cluster of differentiation (CD)44 was not changed, CD69 and interferon gamma I (NF-γ) were increased by treatment |
| Abd Eldaim et al. (2017) | Alloxan-induced diabetes in Wistar rats treated with 250 mg/kg Moringa oleifera leaf extract for 2.5 weeks | Prevented hepatic damage and normalized the reduced hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH), as well as the activities of SOD and CAT, while also reducing blood glucose levels, hepatic lipid peroxidation |
| Omodanisi et al. (2017a) | STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar rats treated with 250 mg/kg Moringa oleifera aqueous extract for 6 weeks | Reduced hepatic enzyme markers and normalized lipid profile parameters, while enhancing antioxidant capacity and alleviating inflammatory biomarkers of the liver. Specifically, reduced levels of MDA and increased endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx), while decreased inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α) and (chemokine: MCP-1) in the serum, liver; kidney and erythrocytes |
| Omodanisi et al. (2017b) | STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar rats treated with 250 mg/kg Moringa oleifera leaf extract for 6 weeks | Reduced FPG and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Specifically, reduced the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA), and improved antioxidant such as CAT, SOD, GSH, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), whilst decreasing pro-inflammatory makers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 |
| Raafat and Hdaib, (2017) | Alloxan-induced diabetes albino rats treated with 250 mg/kg Moringa oleifera leaf extract for 2.5 weeks | Reduced FPG and hindered lipid peroxidation, whilst increasing hepatic GSH levels, as well as the activities of SOD and CAT, and the gene expression of glycogen synthase while reducing pyruvate carboxylase caspase 3 gene expression |
| Alloxan-induced diabetes Swiss-Webster mice treated with 40,60 and 80 μg/ml Moringa oleifera seed extract for 8 weeks | Decreased FPG and inhibited alpha glucosidase activity. Serum insulin levels and serum CAT levels were significantly increased whilst lipid peroxidation and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were decreased | |
| Alejandra Sánchez-Muñoz et al. (2018) | STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar rats treated with 200 mg/kg Moringa oleifera leaf extract for 3 weeks | Ameliorated oxidative stress-induced modification in liver mitochondria, in part by improving mitochondrial respiration, as well as enhancing the antioxidant levels of GSH, glutathione reductase and heme oygenase-1 (HO-1) activity, which decreasing lipid peroxidation (MDA) and production of reactive oxygen species |
| Azevedo et al. (2018) | STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar adult rats were treated with 100 mg/kg of Moringa oleifera leaf extract for 3 weeks | Displayed wound healing properties and significantly reduced glycemia accompanied by a decreased in pro-inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-ꞵ and IL-6 in the serum |
| Oboh et al. (2018) | STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar rats treated with 2 and 4% Moringa oleifera leaf and seed extracts for 2 weeks | Both extracts reduced FPG, prevented cognitive dysfunction-induced by chronic hyperglycemia by reducing the activities of acetylcholinesterase, angiotensin-I converting enzyme and butyrylcholinesterase. This was concomitant to the increase in antioxidant molecules such as CAT, GST and GPx, as well as a decrease in lipid peroxidation (MDA) level in the brain |
| Aju et al. (2019) | STZ-induced diabetes in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 300 mg/kg body weight leaf (methanol) extract for 8.5 weeks | Significantly decreased FPG and glycated hemoglobin but increased plasma insulin levels. The antioxidant enzymes like SOD, CAT, GPx and glutathione-reductase and non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH were increased causing a decrease in hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes and lipid peroxidation |
| Oguntibeju et al. (2020) | STZ-induced diabetes Wistar rats treated with 250 mg/kg leaf extract of Moringa oleifera for 6 weeks | Reduced nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic damage evident by a decrease in serum creatinine, albumin and bilirubin. Likewise, the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-12 and IL-18, and apoptotic markers caspase 3, caspase 9, B-cell lymphoma 2(BCL-2), NF-κβ, and p53 were decreased |
| Sierra-Campos et al. (2020) | Alloxan-induced diabetes in Wistar rats treated with 200 mg/kg leaf extract of Moringa oleifera for 3 weeks | Displayed antidiabetic effects by increasing the levels of serum paraoxonase 1 and liver cytosolic CAT |
| Oldoni et al. (2021) | STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar rats treated with 500 mg/kg crude leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (hydroalcoholic extract was produced by using ethanol: water (80:20 v/v)) for 6.5 weeks | Reduced FPG and protected against oxidative damage in liver and kidney by enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses such as CAT, GST and non-protein thiol groups, while reducing lipid peroxidation in these tissues |
| Oyeleye et al. (2021) | STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar rats treated with 2 and 4% of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed extracts for 2 weeks | Both extracts reversed diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction by reducing FPG, as well as blocking lipid peroxidation by decreasing thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels. Treatments also attenuated the activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) and arginase but improved the levels of nitric oxide |