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. 2022 Jul 11;13:942955. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.942955

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Copyright © 2022 Xiong, Li, Zhao, Li, Yu, Cui, Liu and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Systems analysis of the metabolomic alterations in each group. (A) Histogram of the relative expression levels of the biomarkers, (B) Metabolic pathway analysis associated with the pathogenesis of PD by MetaboAnalyst 5.0 (1. phenylalanine metabolism, 2. pentose and glucuronate interconversions, 3. arachidonic acid metabolism, 4. primary bile acid biosynthesis, 5. pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, 6. tyrosine metabolism, 7. steroid hormone biosynthesis, 8. ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, 9. arginine and proline metabolism, and 10. purine metabolism), (C) Metabolic pathway analysis associated with the efficacy of DSS by MetaboAnalyst 5.0 (1. phenylalanine metabolism, 2. pentose and glucuronate interconversions, 3. arachidonic acid metabolism, 4. tyrosine metabolism, 5. steroid hormone biosynthesis, 6. pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, 7. ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and 8. purine metabolism).