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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 25.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Genet Metab. 2018 Aug 23;126(2):106–116. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.08.009

Table 2.

Comparison of clinical symptoms at disease onset and current status.

Patient ID Clinical symptoms Gross motor/Ambulatory status Musculoskeletal Pulmonary Gastrointestinal Genitourinary
#1 At onset Delayed walking* Easy fatigability Sleep apnea Aspiration during feeding None
Current Walks unassisted; wide-based gait with frequent tripping and falls; uses motorized scooter for long distances Ptosis; weakness of neck flexors, shoulder abductors, hip abductors; paraspinal muscles & ankle dorsiflexors; spinal extension with lumbar lordosis, scoliosis, scapular winging, wide based, foot-slapping gait Unassisted ventilation None None
#2 At onset Delayed sitting, pull-to-stand, and walking Lethargy, hypotonia Apneic episodes Feeding difficulty, vomiting, diarrhea None
Current Walks unassisted; wide-based gait Myopathic facies; scapular winging; weakness of neck flexors, hip abductors, ankle dorsiflexors; genu recurvatum, and medial pronation at ankle, elbow hyperextension; stepto gait pattern on stairs Unassisted ventilation; New onset snoring and sleep disturbances/apnea; suspected aspiration pneumonia Choking on saliva, persistent gastroesophageal reflux, Urinary retention and overflow incontinence, chronic constipation
#3 At onset Poor head control till age 6 months Needing assistance to pull to stand from a prone position, wide-based gait with lumbar lordosis, Weak cry None None
Current Walks unassisted; wide-based gait with frequent tripping and falls Ptosis; lingual muscle weakness, lumbar lordosis, scapular winging; weakness of neck flexors and abdominals; core muscle weakness, decreased hip extensor and hip abductor strength; scoliosis Unassisted ventilation Cramping, vomiting, diarrhea None
#4 At onset Delayed walking Unsteady gait with frequent falls Apnea and bradycardia as newborn None None
Current Walks unassisted; unsteady and abnormal gait with frequent falls; scoots in sitting for mobility Delayed motor skills; poor pincer grasp; lumbar lordosis, scapular winging; weakness of abdominals, hip extensors, abductors and adductors, ankle plantar flexors, and neck flexors Unassisted ventilation; Snoring, apneic pauses
*

Lost to follow-up at this age.