Table 2.
Patient ID | Clinical symptoms | Gross motor/Ambulatory status | Musculoskeletal | Pulmonary | Gastrointestinal | Genitourinary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
#1 | At onset | Delayed walking* | Easy fatigability | Sleep apnea | Aspiration during feeding | None |
Current | Walks unassisted; wide-based gait with frequent tripping and falls; uses motorized scooter for long distances | Ptosis; weakness of neck flexors, shoulder abductors, hip abductors; paraspinal muscles & ankle dorsiflexors; spinal extension with lumbar lordosis, scoliosis, scapular winging, wide based, foot-slapping gait | Unassisted ventilation | None | None | |
#2 | At onset | Delayed sitting, pull-to-stand, and walking | Lethargy, hypotonia | Apneic episodes | Feeding difficulty, vomiting, diarrhea | None |
Current | Walks unassisted; wide-based gait | Myopathic facies; scapular winging; weakness of neck flexors, hip abductors, ankle dorsiflexors; genu recurvatum, and medial pronation at ankle, elbow hyperextension; stepto gait pattern on stairs | Unassisted ventilation; New onset snoring and sleep disturbances/apnea; suspected aspiration pneumonia | Choking on saliva, persistent gastroesophageal reflux, | Urinary retention and overflow incontinence, chronic constipation | |
#3 | At onset | Poor head control till age 6 months | Needing assistance to pull to stand from a prone position, wide-based gait with lumbar lordosis, | Weak cry | None | None |
Current | Walks unassisted; wide-based gait with frequent tripping and falls | Ptosis; lingual muscle weakness, lumbar lordosis, scapular winging; weakness of neck flexors and abdominals; core muscle weakness, decreased hip extensor and hip abductor strength; scoliosis | Unassisted ventilation | Cramping, vomiting, diarrhea | None | |
#4 | At onset | Delayed walking | Unsteady gait with frequent falls | Apnea and bradycardia as newborn | None | None |
Current | Walks unassisted; unsteady and abnormal gait with frequent falls; scoots in sitting for mobility | Delayed motor skills; poor pincer grasp; lumbar lordosis, scapular winging; weakness of abdominals, hip extensors, abductors and adductors, ankle plantar flexors, and neck flexors | Unassisted ventilation; Snoring, apneic pauses |
Lost to follow-up at this age.