Table 1.
Study design and details of included studies.
| Authors | Country | Study design | Study duration | Safety/ efficacy | n = | Follow up | Renal cell carcinoma diagnosis modality | Procedure | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thomson et al. 14 | Australia | Prospective Single Centre Cohort | 12 months | Safety Efficacy |
7 (38 including liver and lung malignancies) | 3 months | NR | Percutaneous IRE under GA with muscle paralysis and cardiac synchronisation | – |
| Pech et al. 15 | Germany | Prospective Single Centre Cohort | NR | Safety | 6 | 3 months | Pathology following nephrectomy | Open IRE under GA with muscle paralysis and cardiac synchronisation immediately followed by partial (n = 4) or complete (n = 2) nephrectomy | – |
| Diehl et al. 16 | Germany | Retrospective Single Centre Cohort | 12 months | Safety Efficacy |
5 | Mean 6.4 months (range 3–11) |
RCC recurrence, histopathology from prior nephrectomy | Percutaneous IRE under GA with muscle paralysis and cardiac synchronisation | 5/5 solitary kidneys |
| Vroomen et al. 17 | The Netherlands | Retrospective Single Centre Cohort | 40 months | Safety Efficacy |
1 (8 including other pelvic malignancies) | 4 months | RCC recurrence, histopathology from prior nephrectomy | Percutaneous IRE under GA with muscle paralysis Cardiac synchronisation NR |
Post nephrectomy site of chromophobe RCC recurrence |
| Canvasser et al. 18 | USA | Prospective Single Centre Cohort | 44 months | Safety Efficacy |
41 | Mean 22 months (SD 12.4) |
31/41 patients had histopathological diagnosis pre-IRE or at time of IRE 10/41 on imaging |
Percutaneous IRE under GA with muscle paralysis and cardiac synchronisation | – |
| Liu, et al. 19 | Canada | Retrospective Single Centre Cohort | NR | Safety Efficacy |
5 | Mean 22 months (range 14–31) |
3/5 on CT imaging 2/5 on MRI imaging |
Percutaneous IRE under GA with muscle paralysis and cardiac synchronisation | 2/5 solitary kidneys |
| Wendler et al. 20 | Germany | Prospective Single Centre Cohort | NR | Safety Efficacy |
7 | 27 days to nephrectomy Overall Mean 25 months (range 15–36) |
Histopathology confirmed (pT1acN0cM0) | Percutaneous IRE under GA with muscle paralysis and cardiac synchronisation Open partial (n = 5) or complete (n = 2) nephrectomy 28 days post IRE |
– |
| Wendler et al. 21 | Germany | As above | As above | Safety | As above | As above | As above | As above | Reports on different outcome measures from same patient sample as Wendler et al. 20 |
| Buijs et al. 22 | The Netherlands | Prospective Single Centre Cohort | 16 months | Safety | 10 | Median 6 months (range 3–12) |
Histopathology | Percutaneous IRE under GA with muscle paralysis and cardiac synchronisation | 3/10 solitary kidneys |
| Gul et al. 23 | USA | Retrospective Single Centre Cohort | 84 months | Safety Efficacy |
1 (6 including other ablation modalities) | 34 months | CT diagnosis | NS | Solitary transplanted kidney |
CT: computerised tomography; GA: general anaesthesia; IQR: interquartile range; IRE: irreversible electroporation; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NR: not reported; RCC: renal cell carcinoma.