Table 1.
Immune cells within the TME and their association with prognostic outcome of HCC.
| Subset | Technology | High-density prognostic outcome | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes | IHC | Better recurrence-free survival | Atanasov et al. 25 |
| CD3+ T cells | IHC, IF | Better overall survival | Garnelo et al. 44 |
| CD8+ CD103+ tissue resident T cells | mIHC | Better overall survival | Lim et al. 9 |
| PD-L1+ CD8+ TIL | IHC | Better overall survival | Sideras et al. 45 |
| Gal-9+ CD8+ TIL | IHC | Better overall survival | Sideras et al. 45 |
| TIM-3(hi) T cells | IF | Worsened overall survival | Li et al. 46 |
| CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells | IHC, mIHC | Worsened overall survival | Lim et al., 9 Gao et al. 47 |
| γδT cells | IHC | Better overall and recurrence-free survival | Cai et al. 20 |
| MAIT cells | IF | Worsened overall survival | Duan et al. 21 |
| CD20+ B cells | IHC, IF, mIHC | Better overall survival | Brunner et al., 40 Zhang et al., 41 Garnelo, Tan, 44 Shi, Gao 48 |
| Granzyme B+ cells | IHC | Better overall survival | Gao et al. 47 |
| Tumour-associated macrophages | IHC | Better recurrence-free survival | Atanasov et al. 25 |
| TIM-3+ CD14+ monocytes | IF | Worsened overall survival | Yan et al. 49 |
| CD66b+ Neutrophils | IHC | Worsened overall and recurrence-free survival | Gao et al., 13 Zhou et al., 14 Zhou et al. 50 |
| neutrophil extracellular traps | IHC | Worsened overall survival | Guan et al. 17 |
| ILC2 | IF | Worsened overall survival | Xu, et al. 32 |
| CD27+ cells | IHC, IF | Better overall survival | Garnelo et al. 44 |
| CD38+ cells | IHC, IF | Better overall survival | Garnelo et al. 44 |
| Siglec-10(hi) cells | IF | Worsened overall survival | Xiao et al. 51 |
mIHC, multiplex IHC.