Table 4.
Effect size of anesthesia type on PLOS (days) in prespecified and exploratory subgroups
| Anesthesia type | PLOS (days) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| N | β (95% CI) | P for interaction | |
| Age (years) | 0.0897 | ||
| ≤60 | 116 | -1.04 (-4.65, 2.57) | |
| >60 | 158 | 3.17 (-0.07, 6.41) | |
| Sex | 0.5597 | ||
| Female | 67 | 0.03 (-3.53, 3.59) | |
| Male | 207 | 1.70 (-1.30, 4.71) | |
| History of smoking | 0.7850 | ||
| No | 125 | 1.00 (-3.18, 5.18) | |
| Yes | 149 | 1.67 (-1.06, 4.39) | |
| Preoperative chemotherapy | 0.8566 | ||
| No | 198 | 1.44 (-1.68, 4.57) | |
| Yes | 76 | 0.95 (-2.25, 4.14) | |
| Hypertension | 0.3587 | ||
| No | 223 | 0.76 (-2.03, 3.55) | |
| Yes | 51 | 3.66 (-0.96, 8.28) | |
| DM | 0.8682 | ||
| No | 249 | 1.36 (-1.25, 3.97) | |
| Yes | 25 | 0.64 (-5.32, 6.61) | |
| Heart disease | 0.0965 | ||
| No | 234 | 0.46 (-2.27, 3.19) | |
| Yes | 40 | 6.25 (1.82, 10.68) | |
| Lung disease | 0.5707 | ||
| No | 206 | 0.88 (-1.71, 3.47) | |
| Yes | 68 | 2.49 (-3.37, 8.35) | |
| PLT (109/L) | / | ||
| < 100 | 3 | / | |
| ≥100 | 271 | 1.40 (-1.04, 3.85) | |
| Hypoproteinemia | / | ||
| No | 270 | 1.42 (-1.04, 3.88) | |
| Yes | 4 | / | |
| Scr (µmol/L) group | / | ||
| ≤ 133 | 268 | 1.35 (-1.12, 3.83) | |
| > 133 | 6 | / | |
| AST (mmol/L)group | 0.5435 | ||
| ≤ 40 | 255 | 1.34 (-1.24, 3.92) | |
| > 40 | 19 | 1.09 (-3.65, 5.83) | |
| ALT (mmol/L) group | 0.5750 | ||
| ≤ 40 | 248 | 1.06 (-1.58, 3.71) | |
| > 40 | 26 | 3.62 (-0.13, 7.36) | |
| Preoperative anemia | 0.4957 | ||
| No | 173 | 0.65 (-2.87, 4.18) | |
| Yes | 101 | 2.39 (-0.22, 4.99) | |
| ASA | / | ||
| I | 13 | 6.77 (-3.79, 17.34) | |
| II | 231 | 0.76 (-2.03, 3.54) | |
| III | 30 | 2.77 (-1.01, 6.55) | |
| Endotracheal tube type | 0.0680 | ||
| Single lumen | 172 | -0.43 (-3.19, 2.33) | |
| Double lumen | 102 | 4.21 (-0.33, 8.75) | |
| Continuous anesthesia | 0.5115 | ||
| TIVA | 244 | 1.59 (-1.08, 4.26) | |
| CIIA | 30 | -1.00 (-5.38, 3.38) | |
| Operation type | 0.0346 | ||
| OE | 76 | 5.50 (1.06, 9.94) | |
| MIE | 198 | -0.30 (-3.17, 2.58) | |
| Blood loss (ml) | / | ||
| ≤ 400 | 267 | 1.28 (-1.21, 3.77) | |
| >400 | 7 | / | |
| Operation time (min) | 0.5442 | ||
| ≤ 280 | 212 | 1.81 (-0.37, 3.98) | |
| > 280 | 62 | 0.02 (-7.77, 7.82) | |
| Vasoactive drug use | 0.0002 | ||
| No | 111 | 6.72 (2.64, 10.80) | |
| Yes | 163 | -2.39 (-5.25, 0.48) | |
| Blood transfusion | 0.0346 | ||
| No | 218 | 1.08 (-1.81, 3.98) | |
| Yes | 56 | 2.04 (-1.70, 5.78) | |
| Postoperative ICU admission | 0.5396 | ||
| No | 252 | 1.00 (-1.38, 3.37 | |
| Yes | 22 | 3.75 (-8.90, 16.40) | |
| Respiratory failure | / | ||
| No | 260 | 1.49 (-0.97, 3.95) | |
| Yes | 14 | -3.71 (-16.45, 9.03) | |
| Lung infection | 0.7764 | ||
| No | 185 | 0.82 (-0.88, 2.53) | |
| Yes | 89 | 1.55 (-4.88, 7.99) | |
| Anastomotic leakage | / | ||
| No | 256 | 1.12 (-0.19, 2.44) | |
| Yes | 18 | -2.05 (-24.46, 20.36) | |
| Surgical site infection | / | ||
| No | 266 | 1.38 (-1.07, 3.84) | |
| Yes | 8 | / | |
The following variables were excluded because ≥ 5 categories or < 20 observations in a category: PLT (109/L), AST (mmol/L), Scr (µmol/L), hypoproteinemia, ASA, blood loss (ml), respiratory failure, anastomotic leakage, and surgical site infection
Abbreviations: PLOS postoperative length of stay, CI confidence interval, DM diabetes mellitus, PLT platelet, AST aspartate transaminase, ALT alanine transaminase, Scr serum creatinine, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologist Physical Status, TIVA total intravenous anesthesia, CIIA combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia, ICU intensive care unit; hypoproteinemia, albumin < 30 (g/L); preoperative anemia, hemoglobin < 130 g/L in males or hemoglobin < 120 g/L in females, OE open esophagectomy, MIE minimally invasive esophagectomy