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. 2022 Jul 25;20:242. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02432-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Association of maternal and child adiposity with plasma lipidomic profiles: A Association of pre-pregnancy BMI with antenatal plasma lipidome (pregnant state). B Association of maternal BMI with postnatal plasma lipidome (non-pregnant state). C Association of birth weight (BW) with cord blood plasma lipidome. D Association of child BMI with plasma lipidome at 6 years of age. The top 20 lipid species with the directionality of association (10 positive and 10 negative) with adiposity measures in each study group are shown in volcano plots. The horizontal dotted line indicates P_adj=0.05 in each volcano plot. Effect sizes are shown as % change in lipid concentration per unit change in BMI, or per 100 g change in birth weight. Error bars indicate 95% confidence interval. Diamond—P_adj ≥ 0.05 (gray), circle—P_adj <0.05, and square—P_adj <1.00E−5 in forest plots