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. 2022 Jul 8;7(13):e152738. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.152738

Figure 1. HIV-1 and cART cooperatively induce liver fibrosis in hu-mice.

Figure 1

NRG-hu HSC mice were inoculated with PBS or HIV-1 and received cART treatment from 4 through 12 or 13 wpi. Liver tissues from mice were analyzed at 12–13 wpi. (A) H&E and SR staining (the latter for fibrosis) of liver sections. Scale bars: 200 μm (top); 100 μm (bottom). (B) ALT assessment by ELISA in blood. (C) SR/fibrosis quantification by deconvolution algorithm analysis and data are expressed as the number of SR-positive areas per square millimeter. (D) Hyaluronic acid detection in the serum. (E) Human TGF-β detection in the liver by RT-qPCR and normalized with mouse Gapdh. (F and G) Analysis of α-SMA expression by (F) immunoblot and (G) quantification, in the livers of hu-mice infected with HIV-1 and treated with cART and their littermate mock controls. Histograms represent SEM and bars in the scatter plots represent the median value. Statistical analysis was performed with 1-way ANOVA and Turkey’s or Fisher’s LSD post hoc test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.005; ***P < 0.0005. Conc., concentration.