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. 2022 Jul 8;7(13):e156372. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.156372

Figure 1. Individuals admitted to ICUs with fatal COVID-19 outcomes have lower responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein but not the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid.

Figure 1

Box plots comparing antibody concentrations for (A–D) SARS-CoV-2 spike domains and nucleocapsid, (E) SARS-CoV-1 full-length spike, and (F–I) HCoV full-length spike antigens. For all box plots, plots depict the minimum and maximum values (whiskers), and the shaded box indicates the upper and lower quartiles and the median. Sample groups (background uninfected, infected, asymptomatic, and ICU with fatal and nonfatal outcomes) are given on the x axis. Subgroups are denoted by color. The average response to all SARS-CoV-2 antigens was elevated in individuals admitted to an ICU with COVID-19, and no differences were observed between the infected and asymptomatic groups. Individuals admitted to an ICU with fatal COVID-19 outcomes had a lower response to SARS-CoV-2 RBD (t test: P = 0.01), spike (t test: P = 0.02), and NTD (t test: P = 0.02) than individuals admitted to an ICU with nonfatal COVID-19 outcomes. The data in this figure were generated using the MSD V-PLEX assay. t tests were used to assess significance, and the reported P values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Holm-Bonferroni method. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.