Table 2.

Annual rates of change in regional brain volumes (in cm³) in the overall sample and between males and females in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N=617)

	Unstandardized Volumes											Standardized Volumes
	Annual Rate of Change in Regional Brain Volumes in Overall Sample			Annual Rate of Change in Regional Brain Volumes in Males		Annual Rate of Change in Regional Brain Volumes in Females		Difference in Annual Rate of Change in Regional Brain Volumes between Men and Women				Annual Rate of Change in Regional Brain Volumes in Males		Annual Rate of Change in Regional Brain Volumes in Females		Difference in Annual Rate of Change in Regional Brain Volumes between Men and Women
Brain Regions of Interest	β	SE	p-value	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	p-value	Effect Size	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	p-value	Effect Size
Total Brain	−4.375	0.423	<0.001	−5.213	0.480	−3.536	0.438	−1.677	0.357	<0.001	−0.891	−0.042	0.004	−0.029	0.004	−0.014	0.003	<0.001	−0.891
GM	−3.728	0.335	<0.001	−4.547	0.379	−2.909	0.347	−1.638	0.281	<0.001	−1.001	−0.068	0.006	−0.043	0.005	−0.024	0.004	<0.001	−1.001
Frontal GM	−1.337	0.119	<0.001	−1.561	0.136	−1.114	0.124	−0.447	0.102	<0.001	−0.772	−0.075	0.006	−0.053	0.006	−0.021	0.005	<0.001	−0.772
Temporal GM	−0.653	0.062	<0.001	−0.786	0.070	−0.520	0.064	−0.266	0.050	<0.001	−0.908	−0.062	0.006	−0.041	0.005	−0.021	0.004	<0.001	−0.908
Parietal GM	−0.597	0.065	<0.001	−0.723	0.074	−0.470	0.067	−0.253	0.055	<0.001	−0.895	−0.067	0.007	−0.044	0.006	−0.024	0.005	<0.001	−0.895
Occipital GM	−0.425	0.063	<0.001	−0.515	0.072	−0.335	0.066	−0.180	0.054	0.001	−0.579	−0.051	0.007	−0.033	0.007	−0.018	0.005	0.001	−0.579
WM	−1.693	0.183	<0.001	−1.936	0.206	−1.450	0.189	−0.486	0.151	0.001	−0.583	−0.036	0.004	−0.027	0.004	−0.009	0.003	0.001	−0.583
Frontal WM	−0.724	0.076	<0.001	−0.821	0.085	−0.628	0.078	−0.193	0.060	0.001	−0.542	−0.039	0.004	−0.030	0.004	−0.009	0.003	0.001	−0.542
Temporal WM	−0.298	0.050	<0.001	−0.334	0.056	−0.261	0.051	−0.073	0.042	0.079	−0.371	−0.027	0.005	−0.021	0.004	−0.006	0.003	0.079	−0.371
Parietal WM	−0.309	0.047	<0.001	−0.360	0.053	−0.258	0.048	−0.102	0.040	0.010	−0.442	−0.033	0.005	−0.024	0.004	−0.009	0.004	0.010	−0.442
Occipital WM	−0.109	0.030	<0.001	−0.111	0.035	−0.106	0.032	−0.005	0.026	0.855	−0.030	−0.019	0.006	−0.018	0.005	−0.001	0.004	0.855	−0.030
Ventricles	1.199	0.110	<0.001	1.425	0.130	0.973	0.114	0.452	0.107	<0.001	0.465	0.068	0.006	0.047	0.005	0.022	0.005	<0.001	0.465
Corpus Callosum	−0.062	0.006	<0.001	−0.074	0.007	−0.050	0.006	−0.024	0.005	<0.001	−0.704	−0.042	0.004	−0.028	0.004	−0.014	0.003	<0.001	−0.704
Amygdala	−0.014	0.002	<0.001	−0.015	0.003	−0.014	0.002	−0.001	0.002	0.577	−0.098	−0.053	0.009	−0.049	0.008	−0.004	0.007	0.577	−0.098
Hippocampus	−0.046	0.005	<0.001	−0.053	0.006	−0.040	0.005	−0.012	0.004	0.004	−0.435	−0.062	0.007	−0.047	0.006	−0.015	0.005	0.004	−0.435
Entorhinal Cortex	−0.019	0.006	0.001	−0.018	0.006	−0.020	0.006	0.001	0.005	0.752	0.060	−0.028	0.010	−0.030	0.009	0.002	0.007	0.752	0.060
Parahippocampal Gyrus	−0.026	0.006	>0.001	−0.030	0.007	−0.021	0.007	−0.009	0.005	0.093	−0.283	−0.034	0.008	−0.024	0.008	−0.010	0.006	0.093	−0.283

GM – gray matter, WM – white matter, SE = standard error, Note: All bolded values mean p≤0.05. Linear mixed-effects models that included baseline ICV, scanner type, age, sex, race, time, and two-way interactions of scanner type, age, sex, and race with time were used to determine annual rates of change. Continuous variables were mean-centered, and sex was effect coded to obtain estimates for both males and females.