Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of MAP and UKB Participants a
| Characteristic | MAP | UKB | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤100 mg/d | >100 mg/d | ≤100 mg/d | >100 mg/d | |
| N = 572 | N = 316 | N = 37,351 | N = 266,536 | |
| Age, yr | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 81.2 ± 7.2 | 81.2 ± 7.2 | 62.0 ± 4.1 | 62.1 ± 4.1 |
| Range | 60–100 | 58–98 | 55–72 | 55–73 |
| Male, n (%) | 137 (24) | 81 (26) | 14,602 (39) | 126,111 (47) |
| White race/ethnicity, n (%) | 534 (93) | 305 (97) | 34,342 (91) | 258,233 (97) |
| Baseline cognitive function, Z‐score | 0.11 ± 0.53 | 0.12 ± 0.55 | −0.15 ± 0.78 | −0.15 ± 0.76 |
| Mild cognitive impairment, n (%) | 130 (23) | 70 (22) | n/a | n/a |
| Education | ||||
| College or university degree, n (%) | n/a | n/a | 10,670 (29) | 76,420 (29) |
| Years of education | 14.9 ± 2.9 | 15.1 ± 3.0 | n/a | n/a |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 417 (73) | 232 (73) | 8,405 (23) | 54,977 (21) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 94 (16) | 37 (12) | 1718 (5) | 9,857 (4) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 65 (11) | 33 (10) | 839 (2) | 5,292 (2) |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 97 (17) | 49 (16) | 2,603 (7) | 16,774 (6) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 16 (3) | 7 (2) | 2,392 (6) | 25,733 (10) |
| BMI, kg/m 2 | 27.1 ± 5.1 | 27.5 ± 5.3 | 27.8 ± 5.0 | 27.5 ± 4.6 |
| Moderate to vigorous physical activity, hr/week b | 3.4 ± 3.7 | 3.1 ± 3.6 | 1.2 ± 1.6 | 1.3 ± 1.6 |
| Depression/symptoms, n (%) c | 23 (4) | 11 (3) | 1706 (5) | 11,469 (4) |
| Alcohol | ||||
| Drinks/week | n/a | n/a | 1.0 ± 1.5 | 1.2 ± 1.4 |
| g/days | 4.6 ± 11.2 | 6.3 ± 12.3 | n/a | n/a |
| Caffeine intake, n (%) | ||||
| 100 ≤ 200 mg/day | 0 (0) | 309 (98) | 0 (0) | 85,728 (32) |
| 200 ≤ 300 mg/day | 0 (0) | 7 (2) | 0 (0) | 75,025 (28) |
| 300 ≤ 400 mg/day | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 65,312 (25) |
| >400 mg/day | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 40,471 (15) |
| Coffee (regular) drinkers, n (%) | 246 (43) | 314 (99) | 4,492 (12) | 188,209 (71) |
| Tea (non‐herbal) drinkers, n (%) | 238 (42) | 184 (58) | 21,889 (59) | 241,326 (91) |
| APOE ε4 carriers, n (%) d | 125 (22) | 64 (20) | 8,632 (28) | 60,796 (28) |
| Family history of dementia, n (%) | n/a | n/a | 822 (2) | 5,782 (2) |
a
Values are mean ± SD or n (%).
b
For MAP, moderate activity also includes walking for exercise and gardening/yard work.
c
CESD‐10 ≥5 (MAP); hospital‐records/self‐report (UKB).
d
UKB N = 226,359.
BMI = body mass index; CESD = Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale; MAP = Rush Memory and Aging Project; n/a = information not available or not applicable; UKB = UK Biobank.