TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics for all first MDD episodes in Region Stockholm between 2012 and 2018 and matched controls
| Incident MDD episodes | Matched controls | |
|---|---|---|
| N | 137,822 | 135,575 |
| Demographics | ||
| Age (at index) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 41.3 (19.4) | 41.3 (19.3) |
| Median (IQR) | 38.0 (26.0–54.0) | 38.0 (26.0–54.0) |
| <18 | 11,065 (8.0%) | 11,000 (8.1%) |
| 18–24 | 19,184 (13.9%) | 18,452 (13.6%) |
| ≥25 | 107,573 (78.1%) | 106,123 (78.3%) |
| Sex (% women) | 87,071 (63.2%) | 85,733 (63.2%) |
| Healthcare level at index (time of the first recorded MDD diagnosis) | ||
| Primary care | 93,927 (68.2%) | n/a |
| Psychiatric care | 37,611 (27.3%) | n/a |
| Other healthcare levels | 6284 (4.6%) | n/a |
| Clinical measurements | ||
| Body Mass Index | ||
| Mean (SD) | 25.3 (5.7) | 25.4 (5.3) |
| Median (IQR) | 24.4 (21.3–28.3) | 24.5 (21.7–28.2) |
| Missing (%) | 90,009 (65.3%) | 103,839 (76.6%) |
| Smoking habits a | ||
| Smoker (N, %) | 7690 (18.7%) | 3148 (10.8%) |
| Non‐smoker (N, %) | 26,741 (65.1%) | 21,498 (73.8%) |
| Former smoker (N, %) | 6643 (16.2%) | 4488 (15.4%) |
| Missing (%) | 96,748 (70.2%) | 106,441 (78.5%) |
| Psychiatric comorbid conditions b | ||
| Anxiety | 37,090 (26.9%) | 3382 (2.5%) |
| Stress (excl. posttraumatic stress disorder) | 29,563 (21.5%) | 4434 (3.3%) |
| Sleep disorders | 20,178 (14.6%) | 4352 (3.2%) |
| Disorders because of substance use | 9818 (7.1%) | 1734 (1.3%) |
| Disorders because of alcohol use (also included in substance use) | 6342 (4.6%) | 1210 (0.9%) |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | 2188 (1.6%) | 152 (0.1%) |
| Hyperkinetic disorders | 5310 (3.9%) | 1414 (1.0%) |
| Autism spectrum disorders | 1865 (1.4%) | 412 (0.3%) |
| Personality disorders | 1168 (0.8%) | 41 (0.0%) |
| Intentional self‐harm | 1889 (1.4%) | n/a |
| Non‐psychiatric comorbid conditions b | ||
| Cardiovascular comorbidity | 10,772 (7.8%) | 6674 (4.9%) |
| Hypertension | 21,098 (15.3%) | 16,295 (12.0%) |
| Diabetes Mellitus type II | 5611 (4.1%) | 3970 (2.9%) |
| Hypothyroidism | 7604 (5.5%) | 5347 (3.9%) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 1319 (1.0%) | 889 (0.7%) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 952 (0.7%) | 655 (0.5%) |
| Antidepressant treatment (treatment within 12 months before the first MDD diagnosis) | ||
| Antidepressants (ATC: N06A – Antidepressants) | 36,111 (26.2%) | n/a |
| Add‐on medication (lithium, risperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole, and quetiapine [>100 mg]) | 1355 (1.0%) | n/a |
| ECT | 14 (0.0%) | n/a |
| Psychotherapy | 9521 (6.9%) | 924 (0.7%) |
All codes for defining comorbid conditions are presented in Table S1.
a
Percentages are calculated based on non‐missing values
b
We included comorbid conditions recorded 5 years prior to index