Table 1.
Baseline demographic, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics of patients without and with Difficult Vascular Access a
| Nondifficult vascular access (N = 11 862) | Difficult vascular access (N = 866) | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race | |||
| White non‐Hispanic | 5652 (47.7) | 389 (44.9) | .009 |
| White Hispanic | 3258 (27.5) | 216 (24.9) | |
| Black non‐Hispanic | 1430 (12.1) | 135 (15.6) | |
| Age, months (median, IQR) | 80 (32–160) | 30 (10–84) | <.001 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 5127 (43.2) | 337 (38.9) | .045 |
| Male | 6734 (56.8) | 529 (61.1) | |
| Weight, kg (median, IQR) | 23.0 (13.2–50.0) | 12.8 (8.4–27.1) | <.001 |
| Body mass index category | 62.1 (24.6–88.9) | 73.8 (31.2–94.5) | <.001 |
| Underweight (<5 percentile) | 846 (9.8) | 44 (9.9) | |
| Healthy weight (5–84th percentile) | 5206 (60.3) | 222 (50.0) | |
| Overweight (85–94th percentile) | 1171 (13.6) | 73 (16.4) | |
| Obese (95th percentile or greater) | 1410 (16.3) | 105 (23.7) | |
| Renal disease | 786 (6.6) | 74 (8.6) | .030 |
| Cardiac disease | 1197 (10.1) | 97 (11.2) | .297 |
| Prematurity | 115 (1.0) | 14 (1.6) | .066 |
| ASA physical status | |||
| I | 3604 (30.4) | 244 (28.2) | .026 |
| II | 4700 (39.6) | 317 (36.6) | |
| III | 3144 (26.5) | 272 (31.4) | |
| IV | 409 (3.5) | 33 (3.8) | |
| Practitioner type | |||
| Attending anesthesiologist | 3943 (34.0) | 576 (67.7) | <.001 |
| CRNA | 1779 (15.4) | 92 (10.8) | |
| RN | 551 (4.8) | 14 (1.7) | |
| Trainee | 5309 (45.8) | 169 (19.9) | |
| Ultrasound used | 1101 (9.4) | 181 (21.3) | <.001 |
| Patient class | |||
| Outpatient | 9549 (80.5) | 716 (82.7) | .124 |
| Inpatient | 2307 (19.5) | 150 (17.3) | |
| Emergency status | 111 (0.9) | 2 (0.2) | .033 |
| Surgical subspecialty | |||
| Otolaryngology | 1980 (16.7) | 157 (18.1) | <.001 |
| Cardiology | 508 (4.3) | 25 (2.9) | |
| Cardiac surgery | 414 (3.5) | 13 (1.5) | |
| Dentistry | 571 (4.8) | 25 (2.9) | |
| Dermatology | 230 (1.9) | 5 (0.6) | |
| Gastroenterology | 906 (7.6) | 39 (4.5) | |
| Medical imaging | 1314 (11.1) | 139 (16.1) | |
| Neurosurgery | 458 (3.9) | 34 (3.9) | |
| Ophthalmology | 493 (4.2) | 40 (4.6) | |
| Orthopedics | 1137 (9.6) | 51 (5.9) | |
| Pediatric surgery | 1653 (13.9) | 141 (16.3) | |
| Plastics | 515 (4.3) | 35 (4.0) | |
| Urology | 1382 (11.7) | 140 (16.2) | |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CRNA, certified registered nurse anesthetist; IQR, interquartile range; RN, registered nurse.
a
Body mass index data missing for all children less than 2 years old (28%) because there are no norms of children in this age group.