Table 2.
Univariable Logistic Regression to Evaluate Association of Demographic, Comorbidities, and Hospital Characteristics of Patients with Difficult Vascular Access a
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race | |||
| White non‐Hispanic | Reference | ||
| White Hispanic | 0.96 | 0.81–1.14 | .670 |
| Black non‐Hispanic | 1.37 | 1.12–1.68 | .002 |
| Age (year) | 0.91 | 0.89–0.92 | <.001 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | Reference | ||
| Male | 1.19 | 1.04–1.38 | .014 |
| Weight (kg) | 0.98 | 0.98–0.99 | <.001 |
| Body mass index category | |||
| Underweight (<5 percentile) | Reference | ||
| Healthy weight (5–84th percentile) | 1.22 | 0.88–1.70 | .240 |
| Overweight (85–94th percentile) | 1.46 | 1.11–1.92 | .006 |
| Obese (95th percentile or greater) | 1.75 | 1.37–2.22 | <.001 |
| Renal disease | 1.32 | 1.03–1.69 | .030 |
| Cardiac disease | 1.12 | 0.90–1.40 | .297 |
| Prematurity | 1.68 | 0.96–2.94 | .069 |
| ASA physical status | |||
| I | Reference | ||
| II | 1.00 | 0.84–1.18 | .966 |
| III | 1.28 | 1.07–1.53 | .007 |
| IV | 1.19 | 0.82–1.74 | .363 |
| Practitioner type | |||
| Attending anesthesiologist | Reference | ||
| CRNA | 0.35 | 0.28–0.44 | <.001 |
| RN | 0.17 | 0.10–0.30 | <.001 |
| Trainee | 0.22 | 0.18–0.26 | <.001 |
| Ultrasound used | 2.62 | 2.20–3.13 | <.001 |
| Patient class | |||
| Outpatient | Reference | ||
| Inpatient | 0.87 | 0.72–1.04 | .124 |
| Emergency status | 0.25 | 0.060–0.99 | .049 |
| Surgical subspecialty | |||
| Otolaryngology | Reference | ||
| Cardiology | 0.62 | 0.40–0.96 | .031 |
| Cardiac surgery | 0.40 | 0.22–0.70 | .002 |
| Dentistry | 0.55 | 0.36–0.85 | .007 |
| Dermatology | 0.27 | 0.11–0.67 | .005 |
| Gastroenterology | 0.54 | 0.38–0.78 | .001 |
| Medical imaging | 1.33 | 1.05–1.69 | .018 |
| Neurosurgery | 0.94 | 0.64–1.38 | .737 |
| Ophthalmology | 1.02 | 0.71–1.47 | .901 |
| Orthopedics | 0.57 | 0.41–0.78 | .001 |
| Pediatric surgery | 1.08 | 0.85–1.36 | .545 |
| Plastics | 0.89 | 0.59–1.25 | .425 |
| Urology | 1.28 | 1.01–1.62 | .044 |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CI, confidence interval; CRNA, certified registered nurse anesthetist; RN: registered nurse.
a
Body mass index data missing for all children less than 2 years old (28%) because there are no norms of children in this age group.