Table 3.
Multivariable Logistic Regression to Evaluate Association of Demographic, Comorbidities, and Hospital Characteristics of Patients with Difficult Vascular Access a
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race | |||
| White non‐Hispanic | Reference | ||
| White Hispanic | 1.00 | 0.78–1.29 | .986 |
| Black non‐Hispanic | 1.43 | 1.06–1.93 | .018 |
| Age (year) | 0.93 | 0.89–0.98 | .005 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | Reference | ||
| Male | 1.07 | 0.87–1.32 | .504 |
| Weight (kg) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | .838 |
| Body mass index category | |||
| Underweight (<5 percentile) | Reference | ||
| Healthy weight (5–84th percentile) | 1.20 | 0.84–1.71 | .309 |
| Overweight (85–94th percentile) | 1.41 | 1.04–1.90 | .025 |
| Obese (95th percentile or greater) | 1.56 | 1.12–2.17 | .008 |
| Renal disease | 1.46 | 0.97–2.19 | .070 |
| Cardiac disease | 0.75 | 0.47–1.19 | .217 |
| Prematurity | 1.25 | 0.32–4.85 | .742 |
| ASA physical status | |||
| I | Reference | ||
| II | 1.30 | 0.98–1.72 | .071 |
| III | 1.54 | 1.11–2.13 | .010 |
| IV | 1.01 | 0.40–2.51 | .988 |
| Practitioner type | |||
| Attending anesthesiologist | Reference | ||
| CRNA | 0.41 | 0.31–0.56 | <.001 |
| RN | 0.25 | 0.13–0.48 | <.001 |
| Trainee | 0.21 | 0.17–0.28 | <.001 |
| Ultrasound used | 2.61 | 1.85–3.69 | <.001 |
| Patient class | |||
| Outpatient | Reference | ||
| Inpatient | 0.88 | 0.62–1.24 | .456 |
| Emergency status | 0.34 | 0.044–2.58 | .296 |
| Surgical subspecialty | |||
| Otolaryngology | Reference | ||
| Cardiology | 0.36 | 0.19–0.67 | .001 |
| Cardiac surgery | 0.21 | 0.07–0.63 | .005 |
| Dentistry | 0.69 | 0.38–1.24 | .214 |
| Dermatology | 0.23 | 0.05–0.94 | .041 |
| Gastroenterology | 0.81 | 0.53–1.26 | .354 |
| Medical imaging | 0.96 | 0.68–1.34 | .794 |
| Neurosurgery | 0.49 | 0.21–1.14 | .097 |
| Ophthalmology | 1.1 | 0.59–1.90 | .841 |
| Orthopedics | 0.86 | 0.56–1.32 | .484 |
| Pediatric surgery | 1.04 | 0.74–1.46 | .823 |
| Plastics | 0.43 | 0.18–1.00 | .051 |
| Urology | 0.99 | 0.65–1.48 | .937 |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CI, confidence interval; CRNA, certified registered nurse anesthetist; RN, registered nurse.
a
Body mass index data missing for all children less than 2 years old (28%) because there are no norms of children in this age group.