TABLE 6.

Predictors of non‐adherence to lifestyle changes (multinomial weighted logistic regression ^a , crude odds ratios [OR] and adjusted odds ratios [AOR] and their 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] N = 1411)

Characteristics	Lifestyle changes			Multivariable analysis b
				Poor versus good adherence				Poor versus good adherence
	Good adherence (51.6%)	Poor adherence (34.4%)	Not a concerned (14.0%)	OR	95% CI		p‐value	AOR	95% CI		p‐value
	%	%	%
Gender
Male	59.1	32.5	8.40	Ref				Ref
Female	42.8	36.6	20.6	1.55	1.17	2.06	.002	1.44	1.02	2.01	.040
Countries
UK	43.5	27.8	28.7	Ref				Ref
Germany	41.9	44.1	14.0	1.65	1.05	2.59	.031	1.32	0.75	2.33	.337
France	37.2	46.2	16.6	1.95	1.18	3.22	.010	1.90	1.04	3.50	.037
Canada	63.4	34.1	2.50	0.84	0.50	1.40	.505	0.70	0.39	1.29	.258
Italy	63.6	27.3	9.10	0.67	0.40	1.14	.142	0.49	0.27	0.92	.027
Spain	62.9	27.2	9.90	0.68	0.40	1.15	.148	0.88	0.49	1.59	.681
BMI
<20	59.2	27.8	13.0	Ref				Ref
[20–25[	24.8	46.0	29.2	3.96	0.87	63.4	.330	2.39	0.10	62.5	.587
[25–30[	48.9	40.1	11.0	1.75	0.77	3.97	.180	0.96	0.34	2.75	.944
[30–35[	33.7	47.6	18.7	3.00	1.80	5.00	<.001	3.12	1.74	5.60	<.001
≥35	28.6	55.4	16.0	4.14	2.74	6.23	<.001	2.98	1.82	4.87	<.001
Fibrosis score
Known	66.8	26.2	7.0	Ref				Ref
Unknown	41.2	40.0	18.8	2.48	1.84	3.33	<.001	1.70	1.14	2.41	.008
Nurse support c
Poor	37.9	43.2	18.9	Ref				Ref
Good	71.3	22.9	5.8	0.28	0.20	0.39	<.001	0.37	0.25	0.54	<.001

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ref, reference category.

^a Only the results comparing poor adherence versus good adherence to lifestyle changes were reported as the comparison of ‘not concerned’ versus good adherence was meaningless.

^b All analyses are weighted with weight proportional to the age‐gender distribution of a population with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, in order to control for selection bias of participants and allow for inter‐country comparisons.

^c Nurses and other health staff other than physicians for lifestyle changes; poor = no+low, good = moderate+high.