Table 3.
Characteristics of participants with pain 3 months after TKR (n = 363)*
| Characteristic | |
|---|---|
| Age, years | |
| Mean ± SD | 67.2 ± 8.7 |
| Median (IQR) | 67 (61–73) |
| Range | 40–88 |
| Sex | |
| Female | 217 (60) |
| Male | 146 (40) |
| Marital status (n = 356) | |
| Single | 25 (7) |
| Married/partner | 251 (71) |
| Divorced/separated | 35 (10) |
| Widowed | 45 (13) |
| Living arrangement (n = 356) | |
| Live alone | 78 (22) |
| With spouse/partner | 253 (71) |
| With someone else | 22 (6) |
| Other | 3 (1) |
| Ethnicity (n = 356) | |
| White | 335 (94) |
| Asian | 13 (4) |
| Black | 5 (1) |
| Mixed | 1 (<1) |
| Other | 2 (<1) |
| Education level (n = 318) | |
| School left <16 years | 22 (7) |
| School left 16 years | 194 (61) |
| College | 63 (20) |
| University | 15 (5) |
| Other postgraduate | 24 (8) |
| BPI scores, mean ± SD | |
| Severity | 5.2 ± 1.7 |
| Interference | 6.28 ± 1.92 |
| OKS scores, mean ± SD | |
| Total | 18.23 ± 5.83 |
| Pain | 36.75 ± 12.70 |
| Function | 39.70 ± 14.28 |
| Pain Catastrophizing Scale, median (IQR) (n = 360) | |
| Total | 18 (9.25–30.5) |
| Rumination | 8 (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) |
| Magnification | 2 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) |
| Helplessness | 8 (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14) |
| Pain solution (PaSol), median (IQR) | |
| Solving pain (n = 362) | 18 (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22) |
| Meaningful life (n = 362) | 22 (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) |
| Acceptance of the insolubility of pain (n = 358) | 8 (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) |
| Belief in solution (n = 359) | 9 (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) |
| Patient Satisfaction, mean ± SD (n = 360) | 62.88 ± 18.99 |
| ICECAP‐A, median (IQR) (n = 362) | 0.78 (0.55–0.89) |
| SF‐12, mean ± SD | |
| Physical score | 33.44 ± 6.51 |
| Mental score | 42.19 ± 11.12 |
| EQ‐5D‐5L, median (IQR) (n = 358) | 0.53 (0.30–0.62) |
| DN4 score, mean ± SD (n = 359) | 3.79 ± 1.71 |
| Neuropathic pain characteristics according to DN4? | |
| Yes | 267 (74) |
| No | 92 (26) |
| PainDETECT score, mean ± SD | 18.19 ± 6.77 |
| Neuropathic pain characteristics according to PainDETECT? | |
| Unlikely | 76 (21) |
| Ambiguous | 96 (26) |
| Likely | 191 (53) |
| HADS: Anxiety | |
| Normal | 197 (54) |
| Borderline anxiety | 71 (20) |
| Clinical anxiety | 95 (26) |
| HADS: Depression (n = 362) | |
| Normal | 177 (49) |
| Borderline depression | 91 (25) |
| Clinical depression | 94 (26) |
| Pain frequency in past 24 hours (n = 361) | |
| Rarely | 1 (<1) |
| Sometimes | 40 (11) |
| Often | 98 (27) |
| Most of the time | 164 (45) |
| All of the time | 58 (16) |
| Pain frequency in past 4 weeks (n = 362) | |
| Rarely | 0 (0) |
| Sometimes | 14 (4) |
| Often | 102 (28) |
| Most of the time | 156 (43) |
| All of the time | 90 (25) |
| Satisfaction with overall results of TKR (n = 359) | |
| Very dissatisfied | 21 (6) |
| Somewhat dissatisfied | 72 (20) |
| Somewhat satisfied | 154 (43) |
| Very satisfied | 112 (31) |
| Satisfaction with improving pain (n = 359) | |
| Very dissatisfied | 47 (13) |
| Somewhat dissatisfied | 117 (33) |
| Somewhat satisfied | 139 (39) |
| Very satisfied | 56 (16) |
| Satisfaction with improving ability to do housework or gardening (n = 358) | |
| Very dissatisfied | 65 (18) |
| Somewhat dissatisfied | 152 (42) |
| Somewhat satisfied | 111 (31) |
| Very satisfied | 30 (8) |
| Satisfaction with improving ability to do leisure activities (n = 359) | |
| Very dissatisfied | 86 (24) |
| Somewhat dissatisfied | 140 (39) |
| Somewhat satisfied | 106 (30) |
| Very satisfied | 27 (8) |
| Comparison of pain to preoperative pain (n = 362) | |
| Much better | 79 (22) |
| A bit better | 70 (19) |
| The same | 54 (15) |
| A bit worse | 77 (21) |
| Much worse | 82 (23) |
| Presence of chronic widespread pain (Manchester definition) | |
| Yes | 16 (4) |
| No | 347 (96) |
*
Values are the number (%) unless indicated otherwise. BPI = Brief Pain Inventory; DN4 = Dolour Neuropathic scale; EQ‐5D‐5L = 5‐level version of the EuroQol 5‐domain instrument; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; ICECAP‐A = Icepop Capability Measure for Adults; IQR = interquartile range; OKS = Oxford Knee Score; PaSOL = Pain Solutions Questionnaire; SF‐12 = Short Form 12 health survey; TKR = total knee replacement.