FIGURE 3.

Effects of kaempferol on the survival of BV2 cells. (a) The chemical structure of kaempferol. (b) Cells were treated with 5–350 μM of kaempferol for 24 hr, and cell viability was determined by CCK8 assay. Kaempferol switched the increase of M1 polarization in LPS‐induced BV2 cells and it stimulated the formation of the M2 phenotype. Same as TLR4/NF‐ĸB inhibitor. (c) The relative levels of IL1β, TNF‐ɑ, iNOS, and CD32 (M1 markers) mRNA were measured by RT‐PCR. (d) The relative levels of IL10, Arg‐1, and CD206 (M2 markers) mRNA were measured by RT‐PCR. Effects of kaempferol on M1/M2 polarization in LPS‐induced BV2 cells. The proportion of M1 microglia (e,f) and the percentage of M2 microglia (g,h) were measured by flow cytometry. *p < .05 versus control group, #p < .05 versus LPS group, and ##p > .05 versus LPS group. One‐way ANOVA was used to determine the difference between groups