Table 1.
Overview of LDCT lung cancer screening RCT trials; inclusive of selection criteria and main findings
| Study | Comparison | N | Selection criteria | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Powered RCTs | ||||
| NLST (3) | LDCT versus CXR | 53,454 | Age 55–75 years, ≥30‐pack‐years smoking history, former smokers quit <10 years previous | LDCT lead to a 20% (95% CI, 6.8–26.7; p = 0.004) reduction in lung cancer mortality after 6.5‐year follow‐up |
| NELSON (4) | LDCT versus no intervention | 15,792 | Age 50–74 years, ≥15 cigarettes/day for 25 years or ≥10 for over 30 years, former smokers quit <10 years previous | LDCT lead to a 24% (HR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61–0.94; p = 0.01) reduction in lung cancer mortality at 10‐year follow‐up |
| Underpowered RCTs | ||||
| MILD (7) | LDCT versus no intervention | 4099 | Age ≥49 years, ≥20 pack‐years smoking history, former smokers quit ≤15 years previous | LDCT lead to a 39% (HR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.30–0.95; p = 0.02) reduction in lung cancer mortality at 10‐year follow‐up |
| LUSI (8) | LDCT versus no intervention | 4052 | Age 50–69 years, ≥15 pack‐years smoking history, former smokers quit <10 years previous | LDCT lead to a reduction in lung cancer mortality in women only (HR 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10–0.96; p = 0.04) |
| DANTE (9) | LDCT versus no intervention | 2811 | Age 60–74 years, ≥20 pack‐years smoking history, former smokers quit <10 years previous | No reduction in lung cancer mortality was found (HR.0.993; 95% CI, 0.688–1.433) |
| DEPISCAN (10) | LDCT versus CXR | 765 | Age 50–75 years, ≥15 pack‐years smoking history, former smokers quit <15 years previous | LDCT lead to the detection of eight lung cancers versus one when using CXR |
| DLCST (11) | LDCT versus CXR | 4104 | Age 50–70 years, ≥20 pack‐years smoking history, former smokers quit <10 years previous | No reduction in lung cancer mortality was found (HR 1.03; 95% CI, 0.66–1.6; p = 0.888) |
| ITALUNG (12) | LDCT versus no intervention | 3206 | Age 55–69 years, ≥20 pack‐years smoking history, former smokers quit <10 years previous | Nonsignificant reduction in lung cancer mortality in LDCT arm (HR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.47–1.03; p = 0.07) |
| UKLS (13) | LDCT versus no intervention | 4055 | Age 50–75 years, LLPv2 5‐year lung cancer risk score ≥5% | Nonsignificant reduction in lung cancer mortality in LDCT arm (HR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.41–1.02; p = 0.062) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CXR, chest X‐ray; DANTE, detection and screening of early lung cancer with Novel imaging TEchnology; DLCST, Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial; HR, hazard ratio; LDCT, low‐dose computed tomography; LLP, Liverpool Lung Project risk model; LUSI, Lung Cancer Screening Intervention; MILD, Multicentric Italian Lung Detection; N, number of participants; NELSON, Nederlands‐Leuvens Longkanker Screenings Onderzoek; NLST, National Lung Screening Trial; RCT, randomized control trial; UKLS, UK Lung Cancer Screening.