Table 4.
GWAS on AUD that observed an association with ethanol metabolism or oxidative stress genes.
| Outcome | Number of Subjects | Ethnicity | Platform | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Association between ADH1C rs1614972 and AD | 487 AD male patients and 1358 controls |
Caucasian (German) | Human-Hap 550 BeadChip | [116] |
| Genome-wide significant association between alcohol intake and the number of drinks per week and ALDH2 rs671 in East Asians and ADH1B rs1229984 in non-Hispanic whites and Hispanic/Latino |
86,627 | Non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanic/Latinos, East Asians, and African Americans | Affymetrix Axiom arrays | [86] |
| Genome-wide significant associations between AD risk and ADH5, ADH4, ADH6, ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH7, and ALDH2 | 117 AD patients and 279 controls |
Korean | Illumina Human660 W BeadChip |
[123] |
| Genome-wide significant associations between ADH1B rs1229984 and AD and DSM-IV AD criterion count |
7418 (1121 families), 3175 (585 families) |
European American and African American |
Illumina Human1M array, Illumina Human OmniExpress 12V1 array, Illumina 2.5M array, Smokescreen genotyping array |
[120] |
| Genome-wide significant associations with variants near ALDH2 |
1045 | Thai | Illumina Global Screening Array (GSA) and Illumina Multi-Ethnic Global Array (MEGA) |
[122] |
| Identification of two significant loci that were associated with ADH1B rs2075633, ADH1B rs1229984, and ALDH2 rs671 |
533 males with AD and 2848 controls | Han Chinese | Illumina Global Screening Array-24 v1.0 BeadChip |
[83] |
| Association between rs1229978 (near ADH1C) with AUDIT-C, and rs1154433 (near ADH1C) and ADH4 rs5860563 with AUD | 274,424 | European American, African American, Latino American, East, and South Asian American |
Affymetrix Axiom Biobank Array |
[9] |
| Association between ADH1C rs141973904 and AUD | 20,328 | European | Illumina HumanHap550+ BeadChip V1 V2, OmniExpress + BeadChip V3, Custom array V4 |
[118] |
| Association between rs1789891 and AD | 1333 male patients with severe AD and 2168 controls |
Caucasian (German) | Illumina Human610Quad or 660w Quad BeadChip (patients), Illumina HumanHap550 BeadChip (controls) |
[3] |
| Association between rs34361428 and AD | 739 patients with ADS and 251 controls | English, Scottish, Welsh, or Irish | Illumina PsychArray | [119] |
| Association between AD and ADH1B rs1229984 in European Americans, and ADH1B rs2066702 and ADH1C rs1789882 in African Americans | 5697 | European American and African American | Illumina HumanOmni1-Quad v1.0 microarray |
[85] |
| Association between ALDH2 rs671 and AD, flushing response, and maximum drinks in males |
313 | Han Chinese | Illumina Cyto12 array version 2-1 |
[115] |
| Genome-wide significant associations between alcohol consumption and ADH5 rs29001570, ADH1C rs35081954, and rs145452708 located in the region between ADH1B and ADH1C, and rs193099203 located in an 4q23 intergenic region |
112,117 | White British | Affymetrix UK Biobank Axiom array, Affymetrix UK BiLEVE Axiom array | [117] |
| Association between alcohol consumption and ALDH2 rs671 and ADH1B rs1229984 | 733 cases and 729 controls | Japanese | Infinium HumanHap550 Bead Array (Illumina) | [124] |
| Strong association between ALDH2 rs671 and drinking behavior, evaluated using AUDIT | 71 heavy drinkers and 126 controls | Taiwanese | Affymetrix Axiom Genome-Wide TWB 2.0 array |
[106] |
| Significant associations between the maximum number of drinks and ADH1B rs1229984 in European Americans and ADH1B rs2066702 in African Americans |
9500 | European American and African American |
Illumina HumanOmnil-Quad v1.0 microarray | [121] |
Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS); alcohol use disorder (AUD); alcohol dependence (AD).