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. 2022 Jun 27;11(7):1272. doi: 10.3390/antiox11071272

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effects of different treatments on RE stress and autophagy markers. (A) Immunoblots for changes in protein expression of GRP78, LC3, P62, and P-mTOR(S2448), while β-actin served as an internal control. (B) P-mTOR(S2448) protein fold change. (C) GRP78 protein fold change. (D) Sigma 1R protein content. (E) LC3II/LC3I ratio protein fold change. (F) LC3II mRNA fold change. (G) P62 protein fold change. (H) P62 mRNA fold change. (I) Beclin-1 protein content. (J) Beclin-1 mRNA fold change. (K) ATG5 mRNA fold change. (L) ATG7 mRNA fold change. (M) PI3KC3 protein content. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of six rats. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (* p < 0.05 vs. control group, ^# p < 0.05 vs. Dexa group, and ^a p < 0.05 vs. DEXA + PEE + CWE group).

The effects of different treatments on RE stress and autophagy markers. (A) Immunoblots for changes in protein expression of GRP78, LC3, P62, and P-mTOR(S2448), while β-actin served as an internal control. (B) P-mTOR(S2448) protein fold change. (C) GRP78 protein fold change. (D) Sigma 1R protein content. (E) LC3II/LC3I ratio protein fold change. (F) LC3II mRNA fold change. (G) P62 protein fold change. (H) P62 mRNA fold change. (I) Beclin-1 protein content. (J) Beclin-1 mRNA fold change. (K) ATG5 mRNA fold change. (L) ATG7 mRNA fold change. (M) PI3KC3 protein content. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of six rats. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (* p < 0.05 vs. control group, ^# p < 0.05 vs. Dexa group, and ^a p < 0.05 vs. DEXA + PEE + CWE group).