Table 2.
Risk factors for SSIs in children and neonates.
| Study | (N of Patients) Population | Risk Factors Identified |
|---|---|---|
| Li, 2019 [17] | (18,314) 0–18 y.o. | Type of surgery |
| Blackwood, 2017 [20] | (66,671) 2–18 y.o. | Type of surgery |
| Elward, 2015 [21] | (19) 0–18 y.o. | Longer procedure and previous surgery (for craniostomy), longer time at lowest body temperature, postoperative anticoagulants (for spinal fusion) |
| Woodward, 2020 [23] | (807) 0–18 y.o. | Delayed sternal closure, type of surgical wound dressing |
| Sochet, 2017 [24] | (12) 0–18 y.o. | length of stay at the hospital, post-surgical thoracostomy output, peak fluid overload, IV fluids/blood products administered volume |
| Katayanagi, 2015 [25] | (174) 0–15 y.o. | Length of hospitalization, MRSA colonization, duration of surgery, lowest rectal temperature, cardiac bypass circuit volume, blood transfusion volume |
| Murray, 2014 [26] | (470) 0–1 y.o. | Neonatal age, higher postoperative glycaemia, blood loss |
| Pough, 2020 [27] | (192) 0–18 y.o. | Emergent surgery, length of surgery, hyperglycaemia |
| Costello, 2010 [28] | (67) 0–18 y.o. | Age < 1 y, longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, >2RBC transfusions |
| Shibamura-Fujiogi, 2020 [29] | (621) 0–18 y.o. | Higher dose of volatile anaesthetics |
| Boomer, 2014 [30] * | (1388) 0–18 y.o. | Older age, gastrointestinal comorbidity, open operation (or laparoscopic operation converted to an open operation), longer length of symptoms |
| Butler, 2020 [31] | (720), 0–18 y.o. | Laparotomy |
| Tipper, 2019 [32] | (355) 2.5–17.9 y.o. | Neuromuscular scoliosis |
| Furdock, 2020 [33] | (111), 8–20 y.o. | Higher Hct and Hb |
| Malik, 2019 [34] | (1291), 2–18 y.o. | Obesity |
| Inoue, 2018 [35] | (181), neonates | MRSA colonization |
| Bartz-Kurycki, 2018 [36] | (3589), neonates | Length of stay at the hospital, nutritional support, contamination of the surgical wound, preoperative transfusions, preoperative dialysis, lower GA, longer operative duration, low weight at surgery, CNS abnormalities |
| Clements, 2016 [37] | (165) neonates, postoperative | Duration of procedure, type of surgery |
| Prasad, 2016 [38] | (902) neonates | Lower GA and CA |
| Lejus, 2013 [39] | (286) neonates | Lower GA, length of stay at the hospital |
* Reported risk factors only apply to complicated appendicitis. GA: gestational age, CA: chronological age.