Table 6.
Final multivariable generalized linear mixed models with binomial outcomes of wildtype/non-wildtype of Escherichia coli isolates. Amoxiclav and ampicillin non-wildtype tested against the use of penicillins; tetracycline non-wildtype tested against the use of tetracyclines.
| Amoxiclav Non-Wildtype | Ampicillin Non-Wildtype | Tetracycline Non-Wildtype | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weaning | Growth | Weaning | Growth | Weaning | Growth | ||
| Intercept Estimate (Std Error) |
3.63 (0.45) | 2.66 (0.46) | 1.20 (0.23) | 0.18 (0.27) | 0.99 (0.18) | −1.34 (0.39) | |
| Random effects (Std Dev) |
Farm | 2 × 10−7 | 0.94 | 0.59 | 0.39 | 0.26 | 0.29 |
| Feed producer | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.32 | 0.00 | 0.25 | |
| Short-term antibiotic use | p-value | - | - | - | - | - | 0.013 |
| 0 (reference) 1 | |||||||
| Estimate (Std Error) | 2.48 (0.92) | ||||||
| OR [CI95%] | 11.94 [1.78;89.28] | ||||||
| Long-term antibiotic use | p-value | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Weaning: bacterial sampling in June 2018, antibiotic use short-term, 16 April–30 June. Growth: bacterial sampling in October 2018, antibiotic use short-term, 1 July–26 October. Long-term antibiotic use: from 2016 up until sampling. Amoxiclav: amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid (1:2). 1 No use of antibiotics has been used as reference: non-significant predictors not included in the final model.