Table 1.

Descriptions of phage–antibiotic combinations in the literature.

Year	Microorganism	Antibiotic	In Vivo	Human Infection	Observation	Reference
1941	Staphyloccoci	Sulphanilamide Sulphapyridine Sulphathiazole	No	No	Synergistic	[10]
1941	S. aureus E. coli	Sulphanilamide Sulphapyridine	No	No	Synergistic	[9]
1942	Staphylococci	Sulphathiazole	Rabbit	No	Synergistic	[11]
1943	Staphylococci	Neo-arsphenamine Sulphanilamide	/	Various types of infection	Synergistic	[12]
1943	Staphylococci	Neo-arsphenamine Sulphanilamide	/	Neurological infections	Synergistic	[13]
1945	Staphylococci	Penicillin	No	No	Synergistic	[14]
1945	E. coli	Streptothricin Streptomycin Clavacin	No	No	Antagonistic	[18]
1945	Staphyloccoci	Penicillin	/	Cardiac infections	Synergistic	[15]
1945	Staphyloccoci Streptococci	Penicillin	/	Cardiac infections	Synergistic	[16]
1946	Staphyloccoci Streptococci E. coli	Penicillin	/	Various types of infection	Synergistic	[17]
1949 1950	S. aureus E. coli	Streptomycin Chloromycetin Aureomycitin Terramycin	No	No	Antagonistic	[19,20,21,22,23,24,25]
1951	Several bacteria	Quinones Clavacin Subtilin Penicillic acid Ploymixin B Streptomycin	No	No	Antagonistic	[26]
1954	S. aureus	Aureomycin Oxytetracyclin Chloramphenicol	No	No	Antagonistic	[27]
1965	Dysenteric bacilli	Chloramphenicol Tetracycline	/	Digestive colonisation	Synergistic	[28]
1971	Enterobacteriae Staphylococci	Not specified	No	No	Synergistic	[29]
1977	E. coli	Rifampicin	No	No	Antagonistic	[30]
2006	P. aeruginosa	β-Lactam Chloramphenicol Gentamycin	Mice	No	Synergistic	[31]
2007	E. coli	Β-Lactam Quinolone	No	No	Synergistic	[32]
2008	P. aeruginosa	Β-Lactam Quinolone Aminoglycosids	No	No	Synergistic	[33]
2008	Salmonella enterica	Gentamicin Ciprofloxacin	No	No	Synergistic	[34]
2009	K. pneumoniae	Amoxicillin	No	No	Synergistic	[35]
2011	S. aureus	Rifampicin	No	No	Synergistic	[36]
2012	S. aureus	Gentamycin	No	No	Synergistic	[37]
2012	E. coli	Cefotaxime	No	No	Synergistic	[38]
2013	S. aureus	Linezolid	No	No	Synergistic	[39]
2013	P. aeruginosa	Ceftriaxone	No	No	Synergistic	[40]
2013	S. aureus P. aeruginosa	Teicoplanin Imipenem Amikacin	Rat	No	Synergistic	[41]
2014	Mycobacterium smegmatis	Ethambutol	No	No	Synergistic	[42]
2014	E. coli P. aeruginosa	Tobramycin	No	No	Synergistic	[43]
2014	S. aureus	Linezolid	No	No	Synergistic	[44]
2014	P. aeruginosa	Streptomycin	No	No	Synergistic	[45]
2015	S. aureus	Gentamycin Vancomycin Tetracyclin	No	No	Synergistic	[46]
2015	Burkholderia cepacia	Ciprofloxacin Meropenem Tetracycline Minocycline Levofloxacin Ceftazidime	No	No	Synergistic	[47]
2016	S. aureus	Linezolid	Mice	No	Synergistic	[48]
2017	P. aeruginosa	Ceftazidime Ciprofloxacin Tobramycin	No	No	Synergistic	[49]
2018	P. aeruginosa	Ciprofloxacin Tobramycin Colistin Aztreonam Amikacin	No	No	Synergistic	[50]
2018	P. aeruginosa	Piperacillin Ceftazidime	No	No	Synergistic	[51]
2019	P. aeruginosa S. aureus	Aminoglycosid Tetracycline Chloramphenicol Meropenem Erythromycin Ciprofloxacin	No	No	Synergistic	[52]
2019	Enterococci	Vancomycin	No	No	Synergistic	[53]
2020	S. aureus	Dalbavancin	/	Neurological infection	Synergistic	[54]
2020	S. aureus	Daptomycin	/	Osteoarticular infection	Clinical failure	[55]
2020	Achromobacter spp.	Cefiderocol Meropenem-varobactam	/	Pulmonary infection	Synergistic	[56]
2020	Acinetobacter baumanii	Ciprofloxacin Meropenem	No	No	Synergistic	[57]
2020	Enterococcus faecium	Daptomycin	No	No	Synergistic	[58]
2020	Serratia marcescens	Ampicillin- Sulbactam	No	No	Synergistic	[59]
2021	E. coli Bacillus cereus	Aminoglycosids	No	No	Antagonistic	[60]
2021	E. coli	β-lactams Fluoroquinolones Colistin sulphate Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole Tetracyclines Amino-glycosides	No	No	Synergistic Possibly antagonistic	[61]
2022	E. coli	Ciprofloxacin Rifampicin	No	No	Synergistic	[62]