Table 2.
Comparison of the main characteristics of patients who were not treated with remdesivir (1), who received remdesivir but not azithromycin (2), and who received remdesivir plus azithromycin (3).
| No Remdesivir N = 221 (1) | Treated with Remdesivir, No Azithromycin N = 92 (2) |
Treated with Remdesivir and Azithromycin N = 81 (3) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demography and personal history | |||||
| Age, years | 71 (61–80) | 59 (52–70) | 60 (51–72) | <0.001 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Female sex, % | 42 | 36 | 43 | 0.555 | |
| Chronic comorbidities, number | 3 (1–4) | 1 (1–3) | 1 (0–3) | <0.001 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Chronic medications, number | 2 (1–5) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–2) | <0.001 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Hypertension, % | 59 | 49 | 41 | 0.012 | (1) vs. (3) |
| Ischemic heart disease, % | 15 | 7 | 4 | 0.009 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Diabetes, % | 21 | 15 | 11 | 0.100 | |
| Obesity, % | 13 | 20 | 15 | 0.297 | |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 21 | 15 | 19 | 0.515 | |
| Atrial fibrillation, % | 16 | 8 | 4 | 0.008 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Chest CT presentation | |||||
| Ground glass abnormalities on CT, % | 90 | 99 | 99 | 0.011 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Consolidations on CT, % | 69 | 70 | 72 | 0.922 | |
| Visual score of pneumonia extension, % | 25 (15–45) | 20 (15–35) | 20 (15–30) | 0.153 | |
| Clinical presentation upon admission | |||||
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 276 (202–328) | 319 (273–354) | 305 (262–348) | <0.001 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Duration of symptoms, days | 6 (2–10) | 7 (4–9) | 6 (4–9) | 0.352 | |
| Fever, % | 76 | 80 | 81 | 0.559 | |
| Cough, % | 44 | 55 | 51 | 0.181 | |
| Dyspnea,% | 58 | 52 | 32 | <0.001 | (3) vs. (1) vs. (2) |
| Anosmia, % | 7 | 8 | 14 | 0.171 | |
| Diarrhoea, % | 17 | 18 | 14 | 0.668 | |
| WHO COVID-19 Scale mild, % | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0.011 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| WHO COVID-19 Scale moderate, % | 24 | 30 | 35 | 0.185 | |
| WHO COVID-19 Scale severe, % | 27 | 46 | 38 | 0.005 | (2) vs. (1) |
| WHO COVID-19 Scale critical, % | 38 | 23 | 26 | 0.011 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Blood tests | |||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.8 (12.2–15.0) | 14.0 (12.9–14.9) | 14.0 (12.9–15.0) | 0.155 | |
| Platelet count, 1000/mm3 | 195 (146–266) | 189 (152–224) | 185 (148–222) | 0.302 | |
| White Blood Cell count, n/mm3 | 6980 (5113–8885) | 5930 (4380–8620) | 5415 (3758–7318) | <0.001 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Neutrophil count, n/mm3 | 5403 (3610–7392) | 4574 (3223–6368) | 3915 (2526–5822) | <0.001 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.009 | (1) vs. (3) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 62 (29–107) | 47 (23–81) | 45 (24–86) | 0.018 | |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.11 (0.06–0.39) | 0.06 (0.04–0.13) | 0.08 (0.05–0.14) | <0.001 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Interleukin-6, pg/mL | 86 (29–182) | 81 (32–155) | 73 (41–140) | 0.931 | |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 940 (532–1635) | 577 (381–909) | 628 (441–895) | <0.001 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Other treatments administered | |||||
| Enoxaparin, % | 95 | 98 | 96 | 0.623 | |
| Corticosteroids,% | 90 | 99 | 99 | 0.011 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3) |
| Antibiotics, % | 88 | 75 | 100 | <0.001 | (1) vs. (2) vs. (3); (2) vs. (3) |
Data are shown as median and interquartile range or percentages. p calculated with Kruskal–Wallis test (significance values adapted on Bonferroni correction for multiple testing) or binary logistic regression; p values < 0.05 are indicated in bold.