Table 1.
Comparison of Methods for Non-invasive Measurement of ICP by Ocular Measurement.
| Method | Equipment | Continuous Monitoring | Quantitatively | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD) | Ultrasonography/Computed Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging | No | No | Not accurate due to differences in baseline ONSD between individuals |
| Flash Visual Evoked Potentials (FVEP) | Electroencephalo-gram | No | No | Not suitable for certain patients, such as those with frontal lobe hematoma, retinal damage, or optic neuropathy |
| Two-depth Transorbital Doppler (TDTD) | Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography | No/Yes | Yes | Operators need professional training |
| Central Retinal Venous Pressure (CRVP) | Ophthalmodyn-amometer | No | Yes | Not suitable for patients with persistent papilledema after a rapid decrease in ICP |
| Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) | OCT | No | No | Not suitable for patients with severe papilledema |
| Pupillometry | Automatic pupillometer | No | No | Pupillary reactivity is affected by many factors |
| IOP | Tonometer | No | No | IOP is not a reliable parameter for ICP assessment |
| Retinal Arteriole and Venule Diameter Ratio | Fundus camera | No | No | Accuracy still requires further research |