Table 6.
Cell targets of membrane-active compounds and its mode of study.
| Targets | Mode of Study | Substances | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cell morphology: Alteration of cell shape or surface structure of the cell |
Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) |
Cudrania tricuspidata EO; Allium sativum EO;oregano EO; eugenol; epigallocatechin gallate | [170] |
| - | Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) |
Tea tree oil; Fortunella crassifolia EO | [171] |
| Cytoplasmic membrane: Alteration of integrity and permeability |
K+ leakage assay | Tea tree oil | [172] |
| - | Respiration assay | Tea tree oil | [172] |
| - | Propidium iodide uptake assay | Ferulic and gallic acids | [172] |
| Cell wall | OM permeability test | Ceratotoxin A; luteolin; flavonoids isolated from smaller galangal |
[173] |
| - | Cell lysis assay | Oregano, thyme, clove EOs | [174] |
| Cell surface charge | Zeta potential measurement | Ferulic and gallic acids; lipids | [175] |