Table 3.

Dietary intake of macro and trace minerals and values recommended by the BCNRM (2016; Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle).

	Dietary Treatments				BCNRM (2016) Requirements
Composition	NoVTM-LG 1	NoVTM-MG 2	VTM-LG 3	VTM-MG 4
Macrominerals
Ca, g/d	25.70	32.98	48.04	50.42	26.30
P, g/d	12.32	23.57	19.07	28.61	14.71
Mg, g/d	13.94	21.03	15.72	20.40	9.80
K, g/d	73.67	103.82	81.42	98.08	48.99
Na, g/d	1.17	1.93	9.09	9.64	5.72
S, g/d	10.63	18.22	12.78	18.47	12.25
Microminerals
Co, mg/d	1.61	2.12	3.10	3.31	1.22
Cu, mg/d	26.02	38.58	138.34	146.82	81.65
Mn, mg/d	562.73	754.58	967.92	1056.12	326.59
Se, mg/d	1.45	2.38	4.27	4.94	0.82
Zn, mg/d	173.11	273.86	560.82	637.53	244.94

¹ NoVTM-LG: Total mixed ration, no vitamin and mineral supplement, low gain (0.28 kg/d). ² NoVTM-MG: Total mixed ration, no vitamin and mineral supplement, moderate gain (0.79 kg/d). ³ VTM-LG: Total mixed ration, vitamin and mineral supplement, low gain (0.28 kg/d). ⁴ VTM-MG: Total mixed ration, vitamin and mineral supplement, moderate gain (0.79 kg/d). The total mixed ration was made by prairie grass hay (55%), corn silage (38%), and dried distillers grains plus solubles (7%). No vitamin mineral supplement (NoVTM) was a pelleted product fed at a 0.45 kg•heifer⁻¹•day⁻¹ with no added vitamin and mineral supplement. Vitamin mineral supplement (VTM) was a pelleted product fed at a 0.45 kg•heifer⁻¹•day⁻¹ (consisting of 113 g of a vitamin and mineral supplement, formulated to deliver similar levels of vitamins and minerals that were fed pre-breeding and 337 g of a carrier). A blend of ground corn, dried distillers grains plus solubles, wheat midds, fish oil, urea, and ethoxyquin was fed at rate to achieve targeted gain of 0.79 kg/d for moderate gain treatment (MG).