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. 2022 Jun 24;11(7):1238. doi: 10.3390/antiox11071238

Figure 1.

Figure 1

L. plantarum MR1 improved liver health in Nile tilapia fed with high-carbohydrate diet. (a,b) Serum contents of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (a) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (b) (n = 6). (c–f) Examination of the liver condition by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (c,d) and oil red O (ORO) staining (e,f). Scale bar, 50 µm (n = 3 slices). (g–j) Detection of the liver and serum triglyceride (TG) and non-esterified free fatty acid (NEFA) levels (n = 6). (k) Relative expression of lipid synthesis genes in the liver (n = 6). (l) Relative expression of lipid catabolism genes in the liver (n = 6). (m) Protein level of phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (p-AMPKα) energy homeostasis regulator in the liver (n = 3). (n) The protein level of p-AMPKα was quantified and normalized to the loading control (GAPDH) (n = 3). Statistics were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s adjustment and presented as mean ± SEM (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001).