Table 4.
Assay of cytokines on Day 1 after admission with MIS-C manifestations.
| Variable | Control Group (n = 30) Median (IQR) |
Group A (Mild) (n = 33) Median (IQR) |
Group B (Severe) (n = 27) Median (IQR) |
p Value $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Interferon alpha (IFN-α) (reference, <2 U/mL) |
1.8 (0.5–2) | 12 (8–28) # | 54 (18–60) #,$ | <0.0001 $ |
|
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (reference, 0.10–18.00 pg/mL) |
10.2 (1.9–17.3) | 16 (14–20) # | 21 (15–24) # | 0.9940 |
|
Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) (reference, 0.5–12 pg/mL) |
8.7 (1.6–10.4) | 12 (5–30) | 32 (18–110) #,$ | <0.0001 $ |
|
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) (reference, <5 pg/mL) |
3.8 (0.98–4.87) | 93 (44–365) * | 153 (69–835) #,$ | <0.0001 $ |
|
Interleukin 8 (IL-8) (reference, 2.8–17.0 pg/mL) |
14.3 (4.7–15.9) | 38 (25–159) * | 48 (32–198) #,$ | 0.0279 $ |
|
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) (reference, <10 pg/mL) |
5.2 (0.9–9.6) | 63 (43–220) # | 120 (40–312) # | 0.4666 |
|
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (reference, <8.5 pg/mL) |
5.9 (4.1–8.2) | 54 (42–180) | 90 (74–510) #,$ | 0.0258 $ |
|
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (reference, 5–42 ng/L) |
19.8 (7.2–38.8) | 48 (15–228) | 185 (70–610) #,$ | 0.0279 $ |
|
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (reference, 0–0.39 pg/mL) |
0.2 (0.12–0.4) | 5 (0.4–12) | 42 (5–69) #,$ | <0.0001 $ |
|
high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) (reference, 0.2–0.4 ng/mL) |
0.35 (0.15–0.39) | 2.5 (0.9–22) | 30 (15–118) #,$ | <0.0001 $ |
|
Human C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) (reference, <7.8 pg/mL) |
4.2 (1.9–7.9) | 10.2 (6–29) # | 17 (6.9–33.5) # | 0.0792 |
* p < 0.05 and # p < 0.01, statistically significant difference compared to the control group; $ p < 0.05, statistically significant difference between the mild and severe groups (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test).