Table 2. Clinical characteristics of study participants stratified by gender (N = 366).
| Variables | Total | Male | Female | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 54.5 (10.7) | 55.9 (10.7) | 52.5 (10.5) | 0.003 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.4 (4.9) | 4.9 (5.4) | 3.8 (4.1) | 0.04 | |
| Up to 1 year | n (%) | 116 (31.7) | 65 (17.8) | 51 (13.9) | 0.16 |
| >1 to-5 years | n (%) | 149 (40.7) | 78 (21.3) | 71 (19.4) | |
| >5 years | n (%) | 101 (27.6) | 65 (17.8) | 36 (9.8) | |
| Anti-diabetic medication | |||||
| No | n (%) | 106 (29) | 57 (15.6) | 49 (13.4) | 0.45 |
| Oral | n (%) | 260 (71) | 151 (41.3) | 109 (29.8) | |
| Oral+Insuline | n (%) | 9 (2.5) | 6 (1.6 | 3 (0.8) | |
| Family history of diabetes | |||||
| Yes | n (%) | 129 (35.2) | 77 (21) | 52 (14.2) | 0.41 |
| No | n (%) | 237 (64.8) | 131 (35.8) | 106 (29) | |
| FV (servings/day) | Mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.0) | 2.08 (0.94) | 2.16 (1.15) | 0.46 |
| MET (minutes/week) | Mean (SD) | 5769.1 (4302.1) | 6007.4 (4292.7) | 5455 (4307.9) | 0.22 |
| BMI(Kg/m2) | Mean (SD) | 25.0 (3.6) | 24.5 (3.6) | 25.5 (3.6) | 0.01 |
| WC (cm) | Mean (SD) | 89.5 (18.6) | 90.2 (17.7) | 88.6 (19.8) | 0.42 |
| SBP (mmHg) | Mean (SD) | 130.4 (16.9) | 131.7 (16.5) | 128.7 (17.2) | 0.09 |
| DBP (mmHg) | Mean (SD) | 85.1 (10.7) | 85.7 (11.0) | 84.3 (10.3) | 0.22 |
| FBS (mg/dl) | Mean (SD) | 135.6 (60.3) | 134.3 (64.3) | 137.2 (54.0) | 0.64 |
| PPBS (mg/dl) | Mean (SD) | 218.2 (81.6) | 216.8 (86.2) | 220.2 (75.4) | 0.69 |
| TC (mg/dl) | Mean (SD) | 152.8 (39.1) | 150.4 (38.6) | 156.0 (39.6) | 0.17 |
| TG (mg/dl) | Mean (SD) | 173.0 (102.4) | 172.8 (98.2) | 173.2 (107.9) | 0.97 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | Mean (SD) | 43.8 (7.3) | 41.2 (6.4) | 47.3 (7.1) | <0.001 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | Mean (SD) | 74.3 (3.5) | 74.6 (34.6) | 74.0 (35.7) | 0.88 |
FV (Servings of fruit and/or vegetable), METs (Metabolic equivalents of tasks), BMI (Body Mass Index), WC (Waist circumference), SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure), DBP (Diastolic Blood Pressure), FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar), PPBS (Post-prandial Blood Sugar), TC (Total Cholesterol), TG (Triglyceride), HDL (High-density Lipoprotein), LDL (Low-density Lipoprotein)