The population and polarization of ATMs and the gene expressions of chemokines. (a) Flow cytometry results and gating strategy of CD45+ & F4/80+ ATMs (red box); the populations of (b) CD45+ & F4/80+ ATMs; (c) CD11c+ ATMs; (d) CD206+ ATMs; and the gene expressions of (e) F4/80; (f) TNF-α; (g) CCL2; (h) CCL4; (i) CCL5; and (j) CXCR4. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. the NC group and # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 and ### p < 0.001 vs. the control group. ATMs: adipose tissue macrophages, NC: normal chow, HFD: high fat diet, BBR: berberine, MET: metformin, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α, CCL2: C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, CCL4: C-C motif chemokine ligand 4, CCL5: C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, CXCR4, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4.