Table 1. Summary of screening studies showing the prevalence of celiac disease among autoimmune thyroid disease patients.

CD: celiac disease, AITD: autoimmune thyroid disease, HT: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, GD: Grave’s disease, anti-TPO: anti-thyroid peroxidase.

References	Country	Population screened	Number of patients with CD	Prevalence of CD (%)
Collins et al. [17]	Finland	83 AITD patients	4	4.8
Sategna-Guidetti et al. [18]	Italy	152 AITD patients	5	3.3
Cuoco et al. [19]	Italy	47 Chronic immune thyroiditis patients, 22 HT patients, and 23 GD patients	4	4.3
Valentino et al. [20]	Italy	150 AITD patients	5	3.3
Berti et al. [21]	Italy	172 AITD patients	5	3.5
Volta et al. [22]	Italy	220 AITD patients	7	3.2
Larizza et al. [23]	Italy	90 AITD pediatric patients	6	7.8
Meloni et al. [24]	Italy	297 AITD patients	13	4.4
Mainardi et al. [25]	Italy	100 AITD patients	2	2.0
De Martino et al. [26]	Italy	91 AITD pediatric patients	9	9.9
Sari et al. [27]	Turkey	101 AITD pediatric patients	5	5.0
Sahin et al. [28]	Turkey	66 AITD pediatric patients	2	3.0
Farahid et al. [29]	Jordan	914 HT patients	39	4.3
Hadithi et al. [30]	Netherlands	104 HT patients	5	4.8
Mehrdad et al. [31]	Iran	454 Hypothyroid patients	2	0.4
Ch’ng et al. [34]	United Kingdom	111 GD patients	5	4.5
Mankai et al. [35]	Tunisia	161 GD patients	3	1.9
Marwaha et al. [32]	India	1154 Subjects (577 anti-TPO positive patients and 577 age- and sex-matched controls)		6.9 Among cases, 3.5 among controls
Teixeira et al. [33]	Brazil	254 AITD patients (143 GD patients and 111 HT patients)	3	1.2
Zubarik et al. [44]	United States of America	498 Hypothyroid patients	9	1.8
Sattar et al. [53]	United States of America	302 AITD patients	7	2.3