Table 2.
Demographic and clinical data of the study participants.
| Parameter | Total Sample | NCP (NPS Score < 4) | CP (NPS Score ≥ 4) | p-Value (NCP Compared to CP) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 147 | 97 | 50 (34%) | |
| Mean Age (SD, range) | 42.5 (16.4, 18–89) | 42.2 (17.5, 18–89) | 42.9 (14.0, 20–74) | p > 0.1 |
| Sex | p > 0.1 | |||
| Female (percent) | 45 (30.6) | 28 (28.9) | 17 (34.0) | |
| Male (percent) | 102 (69.4) | 69 (71.1) | 33 (66.0) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.09 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 68 (46.3) | 52 (53.6) | 16 (32.0) | |
| Black or African American | 66 (44.9) | 37 (38.1) | 29 (58.0) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 11 (7.5) | 7 (7.2) | 4 (8.0) | |
| Native American/Alaskan Native | 2 (1.4) | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | |
| Highest Educational Level Completed | 0.09 | |||
| Advanced degree (master’s or higher) | 10 (6.8) | 10 (10.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| College graduate | 24 (16.3) | 15 (15.5) | 9 (18.0) | |
| Graduated high school, some college | 52 (35.4) | 37 (38.1) | 15 (30.0) | |
| High school graduate, no college | 36 (24.4) | 20 (20.6) | 16 (32.0) | |
| Less than high school | 25 (17.0) | 15 (15.5) | 10 (20.0) | |
| In a committed relationship | 0.056 | |||
| No | 57 (39.3) | 32 (33.7) | 25 (50.0) | |
| Yes | 88 (60.7) | 63 (66.3) | 25 (50.0) | |
| Time between injury and follow-up assessment for chronic pain and blood draw (SD, range) | 192 days (22, 156–286) | 191 (19, 156–240) | 194 (26, 160–286) | p > 0.1 |
| Injury severity score (ISS; SD, range) | 10.1 (5.9, 0–29) | 9.1 (5.2, 0–24) | 12.2 (6.6, 0–29) | 0.002 |
| Numerical pain score at hospitalization (SD, range) | 5.8 (2.4, 0–10) | 5.2 (2.3, 0–10) | 6.9 (2.3, 1–10) | <0.001 |
NCP: no chronic pain and CP: chronic pain subgroups determined at follow-up. Age, time between injury and follow-up, severity scores (ISS), and acute pain scores were compared between the NCP and CP groups using Mann–Whitney non-parametric t-tests; other comparisons were made using the Chi-squared test.