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. 2022 Jun 25;12(7):454. doi: 10.3390/bios12070454

Table 2.

Literature reports on the anticancer applications of MXenes and composites.

MXene/Composite Anticancer Strategy Advantages Ref.
Nb2C nanosheets Photothermal therapy The surface-engineered Nb2C nanosheets feature low phototoxicity, high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and efficient in vivo photothermal ablation. [45]
V2C Quantum dots Photothermal therapy V2C QDs photothermal agent combined with the low-temperature nucleus-targeted photothermal therapy mediated by engineered exosome vector for effective tumor eradication. [73]
CGDSTC NSs Photodynamic therapy Sodium ascorbate and dopamine-modified Ti3C2Tx nanosheets conjugated with glucose oxidase and chlorin e6 photosensitizer for the efficient killing of cancer cells through cooperative effect. [74]
Ti3C2Tx-PVP@DOXjade Chemo-photothermal therapy The photoactivated DOXjade at the Ti3C2Tx-PVP results in iron chelation and chemotherapeutic functions at the tumor sites.
The MXene platform achieved a photothermal conversion efficiency of 40%.
[76]
Delaminated Ti3CN Photothermal therapy The photonic hyperthermia resulted in highly efficient tumor-killing both in vitro and in vivo. [78]
Fe-Ti3C2Tx Chemodynamic, MIR, and photothermal therapy Effective against MKN45 tumor in Balb/c nude mice. [79]
Ti3C2Tx-GOX-CPO/TPZ Macrophage-mediated phagocytosis A combination of enzyme dynamic therapy, tumor phototherapy, and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy for efficient tumor eradication. [80]
2D ultra-thin Ti3C2Tx Photothermal therapy Efficient photothermal therapy against MDA-231 breast cancer cells. [81]
2D Nb2C MXenes Chemo-photothermal therapy A “therapeutic mesopore” layer is constructed on the surface of 2D Nb2C MXene, thereby supplementing the photothermal therapy with chemotherapy for enhanced ablation of U87 cancer cell line. [82]
Mo2C nanospheres Photodynamic-photothermal therapy Biocompatible and multifunctional theranostic platform with minimal tissue toxicity for effective in vivo tumor depiction. [83]