. 2022 Jun 25;12(7):454. doi: 10.3390/bios12070454

Table 6.

Literature reports on the tissue engineering applications of MXene/Composites.

MXene/Composite	Applications	Description	Ref.
Ti₃C₂T_x-enhanced poly (lactic acid) nanocomposite	Guided bone regeneration	Ti₃C₂T_x-Poly (lactic acid) composite addition to MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts enhanced the in vitro adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation.	[184]
Electrospun MXene/PLLA-PHA nanofibers	Cell culture	MXene composite nanofibers enhanced the differentiation of BMSCs to osteoblasts.	[187]
Ti₃C₂T_x-PEG composite	Cardiac tissue engineering	3D-printed Ti₃C₂T_x-PEG hydrogel aligned the iCMs with an increase in MYH7, TNNT2, and SERCA2 expressions.	[188]
Ti₃C₂T_x-Bioactive glass scaffold	Tissue reconstruction	MXene-bioactive glass scaffold demonstrated accelerated in vivo growth of newborn bone tissue.	[189]
Multilayered Ti₃C₂T_x	Guided bone regeneration	Evaluated the guided bone regeneration ability of multilayered Ti₃C₂T_x in vitro and in vivo.	[190]
Ti₃C₂T_x Quantum Dots-Chitosan hydrogel	Tissue repair	MXene Quantum dot-chitosan hydrogel enhanced the physicochemical properties for tissue repair and stem cell delivery.	[191]
Mesoporous Silica@ Nb₂C-Scaffolds	Nitric oxide-Augmented bone regeneration	NIR-triggered hyperthermia on the Nb₂C MXene wrapped with S-Nitroso thiol-mesoporous silica with 3D-printing bioactive glass scaffolds and precisely released controlled nitric oxide.	[192]
Reduced graphene oxide-Ti₃C₂T_x hydrogel	3D cellular network formation	rGO-MXene hydrogel enhanced the formation of a 3D cellular network of human cell lines HeLa, SH-SY5Y, and MSU 1.1.	[193]
MXene-Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle composite	Osteogenic properties	MXene-Hydroxyapatite nanocomposite promoted the growth and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.	[194]
Ti₃C₂T_x-CSH scaffold	Maxillofacial tissue regeneration	MXene-CSH scaffold stimulated the in vivo formation of maxillofacial bone, and induced the osteogenic protein expression of MC3T3-E1 in vitro.	[195]
Nb₂C@Titanium plate	Tissue regeneration	The scavenging of excessive ROS from the infectious tissue environment by the Nb₂C@Titanium plate alleviated the proinflammatory responses, thereby benefiting angiogenesis and tissue regeneration.	[196]
Ultrathin Ti₃C₂T_x nanoflakes	Periodontal regeneration	Human PDLCs pretreated with Ti₃C₂T_x displayed excellent in vivo new bone formation and enhanced osteoclast inhibition.	[197]