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. 2022 Jul 21;10(7):1757. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10071757

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Translocation of Trx-1 and Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after exposure to oxidative stress. Trx1 nuclear translocation activates the transcription factor Nrf2. The activity of Trx-1 is inhibited by Txnip. Nrf2 can regulate the transcription of different target gene groups, including redox homeostasis (NQO1, HO1, GCLC, GCLM, GSR1, GPX2, PRDX1, PRDX6, SLC7A11, TXN, TXNRD1, TXNIP, and SRX1), pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolism, NADPH synthesis (G6PDH, ME1, PGD, and IDH1), detoxification (AKR1B3, GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTA3, GSTM1, GSTM2, GSTM3, GSTM4, GSTP1, PGD, PTGR1, MRP4, and MRP5), and protein turnover (PSMA1, PSMB5, and SQSTM1) genes.